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In Williams 2024 et al., on adrenaline use in maxillary nerve blocks, which breed showed significantly higher **normalized hemorrhage** despite adrenaline use?
🔍 Key Findings
- The addition of adrenaline (0.00198%) to bilateral maxillary nerve blocks significantly reduced intraoperative hemorrhage in dogs undergoing sharp staphylectomy (median reduction: 77.1%).
- Normalized hemorrhage (g/kg) and total hemorrhage (g) were significantly lower in the adrenaline group (p = .021 and p = .013, respectively).
- Surgeon-assessed hemorrhage scores were also significantly lower in the adrenaline group (median 2 vs. 3; p = .029), indicating improved surgical visibility.
- No adverse effects (e.g. tachycardia, arrhythmia, or hypertension) were observed with adrenaline administration.
- A standardized intraoral approach to the maxillary nerve block was used with 0.5 mL per side regardless of dog size.
- Breed effect observed: English Bulldogs had higher normalized hemorrhage, possibly due to anatomical variation or underdosing relative to size.
- Adrenaline may also prolong local anesthetic action and reduce blood aspiration risks, though this was not directly measured.
- The study supports the routine inclusion of adrenaline in maxillary nerve blocks for staphylectomy in BOAS patients to improve surgical field and reduce bleeding.
Veterinary Surgery
8
2024
Evaluation of the addition of adrenaline in a bilateral maxillary nerve block to reduce hemorrhage in dogs undergoing sharp staphylectomy for brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome. A prospective, randomized study
2024-8-VS-williams-5
In Gleason 2023 et al., on ala vestibuloplasty in cats, what percentage of cats with hiatal hernias had resolution following ala vestibuloplasty?
🔍 Key Findings
- Ala vestibuloplasty significantly reduced normalized pulmonary transit time (nPTT) (mean 5.43 → 3.89 sec; p <.001), suggesting improved cardiopulmonary function.
- Clinical respiratory signs improved, including reduced snoring, sneezing, nasal discharge, and open-mouth breathing (all p <.01).
- Activity tolerance increased, with less dyspnea during activity and longer time to onset of dyspnea (p <.005).
- Paradoxical sternal motion resolved in all affected cats after surgery.
- Hiatal hernias resolved in 75% of affected cats on follow-up CT.
- No serious complications occurred, with only mild, self-limiting epistaxis and hypersalivation in a few cases.
- Aberrant turbinates were detected on CT in all cats, though only 1 showed obstructive CATs endoscopically.
- Total clinical severity scores improved significantly postoperatively (median reduction of 30 points; p <.001).
Veterinary Surgery
4
2023
Ala vestibuloplasty improves cardiopulmonary and activity‐related parameters in brachycephalic cats
2023-4-VS-gleason-3
In Peterson 2022 et al., on crescent guide in TPLO, what was the primary benefit observed in novice surgeons using the crescent guide over other devices?
🔍 Key Findings
- Crescent guide use resulted in significantly less medial cortical damage (mean 3.8 mm²) than the radial saw guide (35.7 mm²) and standard jig (51.3 mm²) in bone models.
- No significant difference in osteotomy accuracy (distance of eccentricity, coronal or axial angulation) among crescent guide, radial guide, or standard jig in either bone models or cadavers.
- Device application time was shortest with the crescent guide and longest for the radial saw guide.
- Osteotomy time was fastest with the crescent guide compared to the radial saw guide (P = .015).
- Participants rated the crescent guide easier to apply than both the radial saw guide (P < .005) and the standard jig (P = .015).
- 5 of 6 novice participants preferred the crescent guide over the other devices for performing TPLO.
- Subjective ease of osteotomy performance was higher with the crescent guide vs. radial guide (P < .001).
- Crescent guide does not assist in fragment stabilization or plateau rotation unlike a standard TPLO jig.
Veterinary Surgery
3
2022
Evaluation of a crescent saw guide for tibial plateau‐leveling osteotomy: An ex vivo study
2022-3-VS-peterson-1
In Weisse 2026 et al., on HAVM treatment outcomes, what was a key limitation of transarterial embolization (TAE)?
🔍 Key Findings
- Surgical management significantly improves survival vs medical therapy, with MST ~1942d vs 567d (p = .028), supporting intervention over conservative care.
- DOV occlusion achieves superior initial occlusion rates (95% vs 56% for TAE; p = .007), making it more reliable for immediate flow cessation.
- TAE has significantly higher recurrence rates (53% vs 15% for DOV; p < .001), often requiring repeat procedures.
- Residual HAVM flow is more common after TAE (44% vs 5%), reflecting difficulty targeting the nidus via arterial routes.
- Overall survival time between TAE and DOV is not significantly different, but more DOV patients remain alive at follow-up (55% vs 11%; p = .003).
- Quality of life outcomes favor DOV, with 78% “excellent” vs 27% in TAE (p = .018).
- Multiple arterial supply sources (e.g., gastric, phrenic, intercostal arteries) complicate complete embolization and contribute to recurrence (Figure 6, page 17).
- Restoration of hepatopetal portal flow is a key success indicator, particularly after DOV occlusion (page 16 discussion).
Veterinary Surgery
3
2026
Procedural descriptions and survival times for hepatic arteriovenous malformations (HAVM) in animals receiving primarily conservative treatment, arterial embolization, or dominant outflow vein occlusion
2026-3-vs-weisse-2
In Calabria 2026 et al., on ovariectomy biomarkers, why did the investigators include only dogs confirmed to be in anestrus?
🔍 Key Findings
- Laparoscopic ovariectomy produced a milder inflammatory response than open ovariectomy, supporting the benefits of minimally invasive surgery.
- Twenty-six healthy anestrus bitches were randomized equally to laparoscopic (LAP) or open (OPEN) ovariectomy in a prospective, blinded clinical trial.
- IL-6 increased rapidly after laparoscopy but returned to baseline by 7 days, whereas OPEN surgery produced a later, more prolonged elevation.
- Reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs) remained higher after OPEN surgery, while LAP caused only a transient postoperative increase.
- Biological antioxidant potential (BAP) increased only in the OPEN group by postoperative day 7, suggesting a compensatory response to greater oxidative stress.
- PON-1 decreased after surgery in both groups, remaining lower in LAP through day 7, indicating that its interpretation as an inflammatory marker remains complex.
- LAP required longer operative time (35 vs 25 minutes; p = .008) but resulted in significantly smaller total incision length (1.5 vs 2.5 cm; p < .001).
- No intraoperative or postoperative surgical or anesthetic complications occurred in either treatment group.
Veterinary Surgery
5
2026
Surgical impact of laparoscopic and laparotomic elective ovariectomy on inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers in anestrus dogs
2026-5-vs-calabria-4
In Sandberg 2024 et al., what was the main effect of the harness on carpal joint motion during walk?
🔍 Key Findings Summary
- Tactical harness use altered kinematics in all forelimb joints
- Elbow most affected: increased extension, internal rotation, abduction at walk and trot
- Carpus: reduced flexion, increased abduction at walk
- Shoulder: least affected, but showed reduced flexion and increased abduction during walk
- Only significant ROM increases:
- Shoulder frontal plane (22%)
- Elbow transverse plane (19%) at walk
- Results suggest potential functional limitations from harness use during duty
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopedics and Traumatology
2
2024
Influence of Wearing a Tactical Harness on Three-Dimensional Thoracic Limb Kinematics
2024-2-VCOT-sandberg-3
In Young 2023 et al., on minimally invasive parathyroidectomy, what percentage of dogs developed permanent hypocalcemia requiring lifelong calcitriol?
🔍 Key Findings
- Short-term resolution of hypercalcemia occurred in 97.8% (44/45) of dogs.
- Long-term cure rate was 93.3%, comparable to traditional bilateral neck exploration.
- Postoperative hypocalcemia was observed in only 15.6%, which is lower than traditional approaches (36–63.8%).
- Permanent hypocalcemia occurred in 4.4%, requiring lifelong calcitriol supplementation.
- Minimally invasive approach had median surgical times of 26 min (unilateral) and 45.5 min (bilateral).
- Most lesions were adenomas (54.8%), followed by hyperplasia (27.4%) and carcinomas (3.2%).
- Ultrasound identified 98.4% (61/62) of abnormal glands, supporting it as the preferred imaging modality.
- One death due to non-compliance with calcitriol, emphasizing importance of postoperative management.
Veterinary Surgery
1
2023
Surgical description and outcome of ultrasound‐guided minimally invasive parathyroidectomy in 50 dogs with primary hyperparathyroidism
2023-1-VS-young-5
In Farrugia 2025 et al., on BODPUO location effects, which variable most significantly predicted the postoperative change in proximal ulna angle?
🔍 Key Findings
- Proximal BODPUOs (closer to 26–28% of ulna length) resulted in greater increases in proximal ulna tilt postoperatively (up to 18°).
- Distal osteotomies (closer to 48–49%) yielded minimal change in ulna angle.
- Strong linear relationship between osteotomy location and change in angle; correlation coefficient = 0.73.
- Initial proximal ulna angle (IPUA) influences results—angles closer to 90° yielded greater changes.
- Craniocaudal osteotomy angle had minimal impact on tilt change after adjusting for location.
- Osteotomy length had no significant effect on change in angle.
- Prediction intervals showed wide individual variation in outcomes, especially with more proximal osteotomies.
- No increase in complications was associated with more proximal osteotomies, contrary to past assumptions.
Veterinary Surgery
6
2025
Bi-oblique dynamic proximal ulna osteotomy: Effect of location on change in angle of the proximal ulna segment
2025-6-VS-farrugia-2
In Carwardine 2024 et al., on screw placement in HIF, which complication type was significantly more common with lateral screw placement?
🔍 Key Findings
- 73 elbows (52 dogs) underwent randomized medial or lateral transcondylar screw placement for HIF.
- Lateral-to-medial placement resulted in a significantly higher rate of complications (62.2%) vs medial-to-lateral (19.4%) (p = .001).
- Odds ratio for complications: 6.11 (95% CI: 2.13–17.52).
- Most common complications: seromas (n = 13), surgical site infections (n = 16).
- Implants with lower AMI/bodyweight were significantly associated with major complications (p = .037).
- Only 4 procedures (5%) required revision surgery (major type I complications), with no difference by screw direction.
- NNT = 2.3 for medial placement to prevent one complication.
Veterinary Surgery
2
2024
Medial versus lateral transcondylar screw placement for canine humeral intracondylar fissures: A randomized clinical trial
2024-2-VS-carwardine-3
In Gutbrod 2024 et al., on feline tibial stabilization, how did the 2.4 mm LCP + 1.0 mm pin construct perform compared to others?
🔍 Key Findings
- 2.4 mm LCP with a 1.6 mm IM pin had the highest axial stiffness and yield strength among the tested constructs.
- Axial stiffness was significantly higher in the 2.4 mm LCP + 1.6 mm IM pin group compared to 2.7 mm LCP alone (p = .013).
- No significant difference in torsional stiffness was found among groups.
- 2.4 mm LCP + 1.0 mm pin had the lowest stiffness and failure load, underperforming both other constructs.
- All constructs failed via valgus bending, consistent with clinical observations in feline tibial fractures.
- A 1.6 mm pin (~50% canal fill) resulted in superior construct performance vs. 1.0 mm (~30% fill).
- Group 2 (2.4 LCP + 1.6 mm pin) outperformed the 2.7 mm LCP alone in stiffness, despite using a smaller plate.
- Plate–rod constructs may better preserve periosteal blood supply and support minimally invasive stabilization strategies.
Veterinary Surgery
4
2024
Ex vivo biomechanical evaluation of 2.4 mm LCP plate rod constructs versus 2.7 mm LCP applied to the feline tibia
2024-4-VS-gutbrod-4
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