🔍 Key Findings

• Synovial CRP was significantly lower in osteoarthritis than both IMPA and bacterial infective arthritis (p=0.001 for both comparisons).
• Synovial CRP could not differentiate IMPA from bacterial infective arthritis (p=0.721), limiting its value as a stand-alone diagnostic test.
• Median synovial CRP concentrations were 0.2 mg/L (OA), 65.79 mg/L (IMPA), and 60.8 mg/L (infective arthritis).
• Synovial CRP is useful for distinguishing inflammatory from non-inflammatory arthropathies, but not infectious from sterile inflammatory disease.
• Synovial neutrophil count positively correlated with synovial CRP in IMPA and infective arthritis, supporting CRP as a marker of joint inflammation.
• Serum and synovial CRP showed a moderate positive correlation in IMPA cases (r=0.52), although not statistically significant.
• Higher synovial CRP was associated with increased lameness severity in osteoarthritis (r=0.91, p=0.004).
• Diagnosis of bacterial infective arthritis remains multifactorial, requiring integration of history, cytology, culture, and treatment response rather than CRP alone.

🔍 Key Findings

• Prestretching (PS) at 10 mmHg for 3 minutes significantly increased working space at 6 mmHg IAP — IWL +4.4%, IWS +6.9%.
• PS provided ≈63% of the IWL and ≈66% of the IWS gains achieved with sustained 10 mmHg IAP.
• All laparoscopic procedures were completed at 6 mmHg after PS; no conversions or pressure increases were needed.
• Working space benefits persisted throughout surgery — end-of-procedure measurements were unchanged from post-PS baseline.
• Transverse expansion (RLAT/LLAT) was greater than sagittal (CRA/CAU), consistent with adult abdominal wall compliance.
• No adverse anesthetic events occurred; mild complications (e.g., gas leakage) were easily managed.
• Large breed dogs were overrepresented, but all dogs served as their own controls, normalizing size effects.
• Prestretching is a simple, effective technique to maximize working space without increasing insufflation pressure.

🔍 Key Findings

• Transecting the CCL remnant during TPLO did not reduce patellar ligament thickening (PLT) at any measured point (proximal, mid, distal).
• Transection also failed to reduce postoperative patellar ligament shortening (PLL) at 6 weeks.
• Both groups (transected vs non-transected) showed significant thickening and shortening, with greatest PLT increase at the midpoint.
• Increased PLT was positively correlated with tibial plateau rotation (p = 0.02) and postoperative TPA (p = 0.04).
• No correlation between TT-O (tibial tuberosity width index) and PLT, suggesting narrow osteotomies did not influence PLT in this population.
• Partial CCL rupture was not significantly protective; dogs with partial tears still developed ligament thickening.
• Post-TPLO mid-patellar ligament thickening may relate to Gelpi retractor placement and osteotomy mechanics rather than CCL status.
• Authors do not recommend CCL transection during TPLO to prevent desmitis, citing possible increased instability and degeneration.

🔍 Key Findings

• Short working length constructs had significantly higher stiffness and lower strain than long constructs in compression bending (p = 0.0172).
• In tension bending, short constructs also had higher precontact stiffness and lower strain, but this reversed after transcortical contact (~150 N).
• Transcortical contact increased stiffness only in long constructs, producing a bilinear load-displacement curve.
• Postcontact stiffness was higher in long constructs, but this may not reflect clinical benefit due to risks of high interfragmentary strain.
• Short working length reduced strain at multiple ROIs under both loading conditions, including over fracture gap (Tables 1–3).
• Increased working length promoted stress concentration and deformation, especially in compression bending.
• In vitro benefits of long constructs (via contact stability) may not translate to healing, as repetitive loading could increase plate strain and bone resorption.
• Plate strain was effectively mapped using 3D digital image correlation, confirming regional strain differences between configurations.

🔍 Key Findings Summary

• 5 juvenile dogs (mean age 7.2 months) with grade III–IV MPL were treated surgically.
• Most had femoral varus + external tibial torsion; some had shallow trochlear grooves.
• Distal femoral osteotomy was performed in 4/5 dogs; Tibial tuberosity transposition (TTT) in 3/5; Sulcoplasty in 2/5.
• Mean time to weight bearing: 9.8 ± 5.5 days; healing: 55 ± 24 days
• No reluxations, and final radiographic values for aLDFA and torsion were maintained at 1 year.
• One complication due to domestic trauma, not surgical failure.
• Early surgery appeared to preserve alignment and prevent deformity progression.

🔍 Key Findings

Internal fixation (IF) group (n=59):

• Complication rate: 20.3%
• Major complications: 15.3%
• Longer time to discharge if complications occurred (median: 12.5 weeks)

External skeletal fixation (ESF) group (n=36):

• Complication rate: 55.6% (p < .001 vs IF)
• Major complications: 52.8%
• Most common issue: pin tract morbidity

Multivariable analysis:

• Use of IF significantly reduced odds of complications (OR 0.23, p = .004)
• Use of post-op antibiotics associated with increased odds of complications (OR 3.53, p = .028)

Fixation choice influenced by age:

• Older puppies more likely to receive IF (OR 1.25 per week increase in age, p < .001)

Breed & fracture distribution:

• Common breeds: Labrador, Border Collie, Whippet
• Common fracture sites: middle and proximal third of tibia

🔍 Key Findings

• Thoracoscopic (TL) or thoracoscopic-assisted (TAL) lobectomy was successfully performed in 12 dogs with non-neoplastic pulmonary consolidation (PC).
• 44% (4/9) of TL cases were converted to open thoracotomy due to adhesions or poor visualization—higher than rates for neoplastic lobectomies.
• OLV was successful in 7/9 TL dogs; unsuccessful attempts were managed with intermittent ventilation, mostly in brachycephalic breeds.
• Median hospital stay was 3 days; 91.7% (11/12) survived to discharge, and 100% of survivors showed no recurrence at median 24-month follow-up.
• Complications were mostly minor: pneumothorax (2), minor hemorrhage (3), dehiscence (1), and 1 fatality due to BOAS complications.
• Histopathology showed infectious pneumonia in 10 dogs, and in 4 cases, foreign body migration was suspected as the underlying cause.
• Median surgical time for TL was 90 minutes; conversion correlated with longer symptom duration (median 90 vs. 7 days).
• Postoperative recovery was excellent in all surviving dogs, with one case of persistent cough attributed to concurrent heart disease.

🔍 Key Findings

• A novel caudo-medial arthroscopic portal allowed visualization of previously undescribed cartilage lesions on the caudal medial humeral condyle.
• A consistent focal cartilage lesion (HA lesion) was observed in 100% of elbows with HIF (21/21), but in none of the 31 elbows without HIF.
• Lesions varied from indentations to full-thickness cartilage loss, typically elliptical and located just medial to the humeral condyle isthmus.
• A clunk-like sensation and dynamic engagement of the anconeal process into the lesion were observed in 16/21 elbows with HIF during elbow manipulation.
• In 5/21 elbows, engagement of the anconeal process led to observable widening of the HIF line, suggesting dynamic instability.
• Findings support a novel concept of humero-anconeal incongruity as a contributor to the pathogenesis of HIF.
• Spaniel breed was not a confounder—the lesion was only present in elbows with HIF, regardless of breed.
• The study suggests potential for using arthroscopy as a screening tool for early detection of humero-anconeal incongruity and HIF risk.

🔍 Key Findings

• Extreme brachycephalic breeds (EBBs) presented more acutely and at younger ages, most often with neurological signs compared to other breeds.
• Preoperative signs such as facial nerve paresis, vestibular syndrome, and Horner’s syndrome were significantly more common in EBBs.
• EBBs showed more severe imaging findings, including higher rates of otitis interna (46.3% vs. 8.5%) and brainstem changes (17.5% vs. 3%).
• Intraoperative complications were more frequent in EBBs (11.1% vs. 5.3%), but this difference did not reach statistical significance (p = .078).
• Perioperative complication rates did not differ significantly between EBBs and other breeds (23.5% vs. 29.3%).
• Surgical time was significantly longer in EBBs (median 115 vs. 95 minutes; p = .011).
• MRI or combined CT/MRI were more frequently used in EBBs, likely due to the higher prevalence of neurological signs.
• Despite anatomical challenges, complication rates in EBBs were comparable, supporting TECA-LBO safety in these breeds.

🔍 Key Findings

Subject: 7-year-old Labrador underwent cementless total knee replacement (TKR) due to severe stifle OA.

Clinical function:

• Improved ROM from 90° pre-op to 120° post-op.
• Weight-bearing increased from toe-touching to 70% bodyweight by 6 weeks post-op.
• No visible lameness by 14 weeks.

Implant performance:

• No complications at any follow-up points.
• No osteolysis, loosening, or metallosis at 6-year necropsy.

Wear evaluation:

• Mild UHMWPE insert wear, localized to caudal edges.

Histologic findings:

• Robust osseointegration at implant-bone interface.
• Fibrous tissue only in areas lacking porous coating.

Conclusion:

• Cementless TKR demonstrated excellent 6-year survival and functional outcomes.
• Support for considering early surgical intervention in severe stifle OA.