🔍 Key Findings

• TPA decreased significantly from preoperative to follow-up (mean 5.89°; p < 0.001), and from immediate postoperative to follow-up (mean 2.2°; p = 0.018)
• Use of tension band in addition to K-wires did not significantly improve TPA reduction compared to K-wires alone
• Cranial K-wire positioning may attenuate growth at the cranial tibial physis, allowing relative caudal growth to reduce TPA over time
• Dynamic TPA reduction may reduce risk of cranial cruciate ligament rupture even when initial TPA is high
• Small breeds (e.g., French Bulldogs) were overrepresented; further research is needed in larger breeds with more growth potential
• Surgical reduction is difficult, but perfect alignment may not be essential if TPA reduces postoperatively
• Radiographic TPA measurement was reliably performed with low interobserver variability
• K-wire removal at 3–8 weeks may facilitate continued growth in growing dogs

🔍 Key Findings

• Cranial drawer (CD), tibial compression (TCT), and tibial pivot compression test (TPCT) showed 100% sensitivity and specificity in differentiating intact from CCL-deficient stifles in this ex vivo model.
• TPCT elicited the highest cranial tibial translation (CTT) and internal tibial rotation, though differences in rotation did not reach statistical significance.
• Inter- and intraobserver agreement for CTT was excellent across all tests (ICC >0.9).
• Rotation and force application had greater variability, particularly with less experienced observers and during CD.
• Forces applied during CD were significantly higher in intact limbs and correlated with observer experience.
• Subjective CTT estimates strongly correlated with objective kinematic measurements (r = 0.895), with a median absolute error of 1.31 mm.
• TPCT may be particularly useful for assessing rotational instability, mimicking the pivot-shift test used in human ACL exams.
• Study supports development of a grading system for manual laxity testing, especially in acute CCLR cases.

🔍 Key Findings

• CPAP at 5 cmH₂O via helmet significantly improved PaO₂/FiO₂ ratio in the early postoperative period of brachycephalic dogs, supporting enhanced pulmonary oxygen exchange (p = .04).
• CPAP had no significant effect on SpO₂ (p = .9), PaCO₂ (p = .18), or rectal temperature (p = .5).
• Helmet tolerance decreased over time, with 13 dogs withdrawn for intolerance (9 CPAP, 4 control) and 6 dogs withdrawn for airway compromise (5 control, 1 CPAP).
• CPAP group maintained PaO₂/FiO₂ ratios near or above 400 mmHg, while control dogs showed consistently lower values.
• Authors suggest PaO₂/FiO₂ is a more reliable oxygenation measure than SpO₂ for evaluating postoperative lung function.
• The study found no cases of hyperthermia; temperatures normalized over time in both groups.
• Arterial catheterization failed in several dogs, limiting blood gas analysis to a subset of the population.
• Authors recommend further studies focused on BOAS patients and exploring longer-duration CPAP use to assess impact on critical outcomes like tracheostomy rates or hospitalization.

🔍 Key Findings Summary

• Sample: 38 Labrador Retrievers (76 elbows)
• SBCs (subchondral bone cysts):
  • Not found in elbows without OA
• Increased number and size with OA severity:
  • Grade 1: median 3 SBCs
  • Grade 2: 9 SBCs
• Grade 3: 20 SBCs (p < .001)
• Larger SBCs in more severe OA (OR = 1.056, p = .012)
• Locations: 62% humerus, 28% ulna, 10% radius
• Sex and Age Effects:
  • Older dogs had larger SBCs (p = .013)
  • Female dogs had smaller SBCs (p = .002)
  • SBC number unrelated to age or sex

🔍 Key Findings

• Plate–Pin TTT fixation resolved MPL in 64/65 stifles with low recurrence (1.5%) and good lameness outcomes postoperatively.
• Complication rate was 21.5% (14/65 stifles), mostly minor (57%); major issues included pin migration, fracture, or capsular failure.
• Pin-related issues accounted for 8 of 20 total complications, highlighting implant refinement is needed.
• No avulsions, TT fixation failures, or luxation recurrence occurred in cases where surgical technique was followed precisely.
• Surgical deviations increased complication risk 11.3× (p < 0.05), suggesting adherence to protocol is critical.
• Single-session bilateral MPL surgery had comparable complication rate (3/20) to unilateral surgery (11/45).
• Screw breakage occurred in 3 cases, suggesting at least 3 screws may be needed for secure TT fixation.
• Authors suggest temporary pin fixation and later removal may reduce complications, though prospective studies are needed.

🔍 Key Findings

• Objective: To evaluate outcomes and complications of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) for idiopathic chylothorax in 15 cats.
• All 15 cats underwent thoracoscopic thoracic duct ligation (TDL); 13 also had simultaneous pericardectomy, 2 had VATS TDL + laparoscopic cisterna chyli ablation (CCA), and 1 cat had an open CCA.
• Median surgical time was 152.5 minutes (range 60–255).
• Contrast was used intraoperatively in 13 cats; 11 received methylene blue, and 2 received indocyanine green (ICG).
• One intraoperative complication (6%) occurred — a minor intercostal artery laceration. Conversion to open surgery occurred in 3 cases (20%) due to visualization issues or bleeding.
• Postoperative complications occurred in 8 cats (53%), with persistent pleural effusion in 5 cats (33%) being the most common.
• Mortality was high: 4 cats (27%) died or were euthanized before discharge. Only 7 of 11 cats discharged had resolution of effusion, and recurrence occurred in 1.
• Authors concluded that while VATS is technically feasible in cats, it did not improve clinical outcomes compared to open surgery, and feline idiopathic chylothorax continues to have a high mortality rate.

🔍 Key Findings

• 3D-printed drill guides (3D-GDT) significantly reduced craniocaudal and dorsoventral drilling angle deviation compared to free-hand drilling technique (FHDT), with statistical significance (p < .0001 and p = .01 respectively).
• No sacral corridor breaches occurred with 3D-GDT, whereas FHDT resulted in 20% drill exit incidences (3/15 cases).
• 3D-GDT had lower deviation from optimal drill trajectory at end points in all axes: craniocaudal (1.84 ± 1.6 mm vs. 4.18 ± 2.4 mm), dorsoventral (1.11 ± 1.0 mm vs. 2.4 ± 1.5 mm), and 3D linear (2.47 ± 1.4 mm vs. 5.35 ± 2.2 mm), all statistically significant.
• Strong correlation (r = 0.77) between CT and 3D software measurements validated method reliability.
• 3D guide trajectories showed consistent proximity to the optimal trajectory, especially at drill endpoints, indicating reduced variability in execution.
• 3D-GDT was developed using open-source software and inexpensive materials, supporting future clinical application.
• Major errors in FHDT occurred primarily at the drill endpoint, underscoring the challenge of maintaining optimal angulation during free-hand drilling.
• The sacral corridor was recharacterized as pyramidal (not quadrilateral), with implications for safer implant placement.

🔍 Key Findings

Internal fixation (IF) group (n=59):

• Complication rate: 20.3%
• Major complications: 15.3%
• Longer time to discharge if complications occurred (median: 12.5 weeks)

External skeletal fixation (ESF) group (n=36):

• Complication rate: 55.6% (p < .001 vs IF)
• Major complications: 52.8%
• Most common issue: pin tract morbidity

Multivariable analysis:

• Use of IF significantly reduced odds of complications (OR 0.23, p = .004)
• Use of post-op antibiotics associated with increased odds of complications (OR 3.53, p = .028)

Fixation choice influenced by age:

• Older puppies more likely to receive IF (OR 1.25 per week increase in age, p < .001)

Breed & fracture distribution:

• Common breeds: Labrador, Border Collie, Whippet
• Common fracture sites: middle and proximal third of tibia

🔍 Key Findings

Population: 24 dogs (<8.5 months) undergoing unilateral cementless THR.
Growth Impact:

• Operated femurs showed ~11.5% less trochanteric growth than controls (p = .002).
• No significant difference in femoral diaphyseal + epiphyseal length (p = .712) or femur overall (p = .465).

Cortical Width:

• Increased significantly at 10 mm distal to trochanter (4.6% increase, p = .037) and at 50% femoral length (8.5% increase, p = .030).

Clinical relevance: Despite measurable changes, no clinically significant impairment to femoral length occurred.
Effect Sizes:

• Moderate negative for trochanteric growth.
• Moderate positive for proximal femoral width.

🔍 Key Findings

• No significant difference in infection-inflammation rates between single-layer Kraton drapes and traditional double-layer draping at both 21 days and 6 months postop.
• Infection-inflammation occurred in 4.56% (36/789) of cases; equally distributed across draping techniques.
• Tibial tuberosity advancement (TTA) was the most common procedure (61%).
• Kraton drape features an elastic fenestration that seals without adhesives or towel clamps, offering ecological and workflow advantages.
• Mean anesthesia duration was similar between groups (~73.8 min), suggesting draping method did not impact overall surgical time.
• Culture confirmation of infection was low (14 dogs), showing reliance on clinical criteria for diagnosis.
• Potential benefits of single-layer draping include reduced waste, no need for towel clamps, and ease of use without increased risk.
• Limitations included subjective follow-up (nearly 30% indirect via phone/images) and antimicrobial usage in all cases.