🔍 Key Findings

• Cup positioning accuracy for the angle of lateral opening (ALO) was significantly influenced by impactor design for beginner surgeons.
• The prototype impactor reduced ALO mean error for the beginner surgeon (1.8°) compared with the standard impactor (3.9°).
• Senior surgeons achieved similar ALO accuracy regardless of impactor type, suggesting experience mitigates instrument limitations.
• Beginner surgeons using the standard impactor tended to place cups with excessive ALO (~48.9°), deviating from the ideal 45°.
• Cup retroversion accuracy was not significantly affected by the impactor type, indicating it depends more on surgeon experience and anatomical landmark recognition.
• Typical acceptable retroversion range for Zurich THR cups is approximately 15–25°, matched to the patient’s acetabular anatomy.
• Prototype impactor design improvements included ergonomic handle, wider hammering surface, shorter aiming bar, and cup-size–specific holders, improving instrument stability and alignment.
• Improved instrument ergonomics may facilitate safer learning curves for surgeons performing canine total hip replacement.

🔍 Key Findings

• Arthroscopic meniscal suturing was performed in 43 client-owned dogs, involving 44 meniscal repairs (one dog was bilateral). All injuries involved the caudal horn of the medial meniscus and were associated with cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) disease.
• All dogs underwent simultaneous TPLO, with some also receiving an internal brace (IB). Most repairs used simple vertical mattress sutures.
• The overall complication rate was 34.1% (15/44). Most complications were attributed to the TPLO/TPLO+IB and did not compromise the meniscal repair outcome.
• No median time to “acceptable” or “full” function was reported, but most dogs showed improvement in lameness and LOAD scores (p < .001), indicating good to excellent outcomes.
• Meniscal repair success rate was 88% (38/44), with TPLO + IB outperforming TPLO-only (93.3% vs 71.4%). Follow-up was performed at 8 weeks (40 dogs) and 6 months (16 dogs).
• Six failures occurred, all managed with arthroscopic meniscectomy, leading to normal activity in those dogs. Two IB-associated failures led to CrCL instability.
• The authors concluded the technique was safe, practical, and effective, with a reasonable complication rate.
• The findings support arthroscopic suturing as a feasible alternative to meniscectomy or meniscal release, offering long-term benefits for preserving the meniscus.

🔍 Key Findings

• Spinal stabilization with 3D-printed patient-specific drill guides (3D-PSGs) was safe, with no immediate perioperative complications reported.
• 84% of pedicle screws were optimally placed, and only 0.5% breached the spinal canal, reflecting high placement accuracy.
• 80% of dogs experienced no neurologic deterioration postoperatively, indicating reliable short-term safety.
• 3D-PSGs were accurate and reproducible, even across multiple institutions and surgeons.
• Mid-term outcomes were favorable: all dogs were ambulatory, and 90% had static or improved neurologic signs.
• 7 of 10 mid-term follow-ups showed abnormal gait, though owners rated lifestyle ≥3/5, suggesting acceptable function.
• 3D-printed guides enabled precise pedicle screw placement in deformed vertebrae, expanding options in small breeds.
• One dog suffered a T4 spinous process fracture due to overextension of PMMA cement, emphasizing the need for cement placement caution.

🔍 Key Findings

• Structured cadaveric training significantly improved surgical technical skills with expert OSATS scores increasing from 17/35 to 23/35 (p = .001)
• Self-assessment scores also improved significantly from 17/35 to 25/35 (p = .018), indicating perceived skill progression
• Inter-assessor agreement was variable (κ = 0.04–0.65), with only moderate–substantial agreement between two of three experts
• Agreement between self-assessment and expert assessment was poor (κ ≈ 0), highlighting inaccurate self-perception
• Residents demonstrated better self-assessment accuracy than interns, suggesting experience improves insight into performance
• Training program included multimodal structure (supervised sessions, self-directed practice, and one-on-one feedback), totaling ~45.8 hours over 3 months
• OSATS GRS effectively detected skill improvement but has limitations in reliability, particularly due to subjective categories and lack of procedural specificity
• Structured cadaver training is feasible and beneficial for residency programs, supporting integration into surgical curricula

🔍 Key Findings

• C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum amyloid A (SAA) levels remained low at 3 and 6 months after uncomplicated THA in dogs.
• No significant differences were observed in CRP or SAA between preoperative, 3-month, and 6-month time points.
• Mean CRP values were 3.8 mg/L pre-op, 0.8 mg/L at 3 months, and 1.4 mg/L at 6 months.
• Mean SAA values were 13.9 mg/L pre-op, 14.1 mg/L at 3 months, and 18.4 mg/L at 6 months.
• All dogs recovered normally with no complications or persistent signs of inflammation at follow-up.
• Study establishes baseline CRP and SAA levels for dogs post-THA, useful for comparison in suspected PJI.
• These markers may help differentiate periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) if values deviate from baseline post-THA.
• NSAID therapy was discontinued by 6 months in all dogs, possibly reflecting decreased inflammation.

🔍 Key Findings

• PCCLm resulted in significantly fewer postoperative lower urinary tract signs compared to OC (13.0% vs 60.9%, p <.001).
• Incomplete urolith removal was not significantly different between PCCLm and OC (11.4% vs 20%, p = .112).
• PCCLm had significantly shorter anesthesia times than OC when no concurrent procedures were performed (97.5 vs 120 min, p < .001).
• Surgical site infection/inflammation (SSII) rates were low and not significantly different between groups (4.5% PCCLm vs 1.8% OC).
• Dogs undergoing PCCLm were more frequently discharged same-day (84.7% vs 0% in OC), reflecting faster recovery.
• PCCLm had higher intraoperative complication rates (22.1% vs 3.4%), mostly due to incision extension or conversions.
• Time to additional surgery for urolith recurrence was longer in PCCLm dogs (24 vs 11.5 months, p = .004).
• Calcium oxalate uroliths were more prevalent in PCCLm cases, while OC had more struvite or mixed types.

🔍 Key Findings

• Aiming device provided comparable trajectory accuracy to fluoroscopy, especially in right limbs (1.9° vs. 3.4°, p = .0128).
• Eccentricity (deviation from condylar center) was lower with fluoroscopy (3.1 mm vs 4.2 mm, p = .0017), making fluoroscopy more precise.
• Odds of joint infringement were 8× higher with the aiming device, though not statistically significant (p = .0575).
• Residents had greater screw trajectory deviation than diplomates (p = .0366), highlighting impact of experience.
• Aiming device procedures took less time than fluoroscopy in some scenarios, particularly for right limbs with right-handed surgeons.
• Fluoroscopic procedures had more pin/drill attempts, increasing risk of glove puncture and potential aseptic breaks.
• Mean deviation angles in both groups (<3.5°) were within acceptable range to avoid intracondylar fracture gap.
• Cadaver model used large-breed, healthy adult dogs, not small-breed immature dogs, limiting generalizability.

🔍 Key Findings

• A linear relationship was observed between wedge angle and tibial plateau angle (TPA) correction across all four CCWO techniques.
• All techniques produced predictable TPA corrections using linear regression-derived equations, allowing wedge angle extrapolation to achieve a target postoperative TPA of 5°.
• TLA shift (tibial long axis) increased with wedge angle and influenced final TPA; greatest in Frederick & Cross method.
• Tibial shortening (mTL%) varied by technique, being most severe (up to 40.9%) in traditional Slocum & Devine CCWO and least in newer techniques (7.5–12%).
• The Oxley mCCWO technique showed lower TLA shift compared to the Frederick & Cross and Christ techniques, though similar to Slocum & Devine; tibial shortening was more pronounced than other modified techniques at wedge angles ≤40°.
• Techniques varied in craniocaudal translation and wedge apex positioning, influencing planning accuracy and mechanical axis alignment.
• The corrective wedge angle equations reliably predicted TPA within 4–6° across varied tibial conformations.
• The study supports equation-based planning over static TPA–5° subtraction to reduce risk of under- or over-correction.

🔍 Key Findings

Population: 2,178 canine CTs reviewed retrospectively.
Prevalence: Incidental PBBs found in 1.37% (30/2178).
Outcome: None of the dogs with incidental PBBs developed clinical spontaneous pneumothorax (SP) over a median follow-up of 1255 days.
Significant Associations:

• Age: Dogs with PBBs were significantly older (median 10.5 yrs vs. 8.2 yrs, p = .001).
• CT indication: PBBs more likely during neoplastic staging (p = .006).

PBB Characteristics:

• Total = 60 PBBs (median 1/dog; range 1–7).
• Location: 35% in left caudal, 31.6% right caudal, only 13.3% in right cranial lobe.
• Size-based: 25 bullae (>10 mm), 35 blebs (≤10 mm).

Conclusion: Prophylactic resection of incidental PBBs not justified given no observed SP risk in this population.

🔍 Key Findings

• 40 dogs with congenital EHPSS were surgically treated using intraoperative transsplenic injection of agitated saline (TIAS) to assess full temporary occlusion.
• TIAS was successful in 38/40 dogs; the remaining 2 had additional shunting vessels not originally seen and required further identification/ligation.
• No intraoperative or postoperative complications occurred.
• TIAS allowed real-time confirmation of attenuation success using ultrasound-visible microbubbles.
• Median postoperative bile acids were 5 μmol/L (preprandial) and 25 μmol/L (postprandial).
• Long-term outcomes: 29/39 dogs had excellent, 10/39 had good outcomes; 3 dogs died unrelated to EHPSS.
• Technique is presented as a safe, quick, low-cost, accessible intraoperative assessment alternative to IOMP or SP.