Your Custom Quiz
In Radke 2022 et al., on outcome measure validation, what feature contributed to recommending CBPI, COI, and LOAD for clinical use?
🔍 Key Findings
- CBPI, COI, and LOAD are recommended for assessing canine osteoarthritis based on COSMIN criteria.
- COI scored highest in development rigor and evidence quality among evaluated OROMs.
- Internal consistency, reliability, and responsiveness were commonly validated, though no OROMs reported measurement error.
- LOAD was considered formative, and internal consistency assessment was deemed unnecessary.
- CBPI and COI showed sufficient internal consistency, but CBPI’s factor structure was inconsistent across studies.
- All 6 evaluated OROMs (CBPI, COI, LOAD, BHSII, HCPI, HVAS) were quick to complete (under 5 min).
- Three tools—BHSII, HCPI, HVAS—need more evidence before recommendation; only CBPI, COI, and LOAD are Category A (recommended).
- Future studies should assess interpretability, including measurement error and clinically meaningful change scores (MIC, SDC).
Veterinary Surgery
2
2022
Evidence‐based evaluation of owner‐reported outcome measures for canine orthopedic care – a COSMIN evaluation of 6 instruments
2022-2-VS-radke-5
In Rocheleau 2024 et al., on arthroscopic meniscal suturing, what structure was repaired in all cases?
🔍 Key Findings
- Arthroscopic meniscal suturing was performed in 43 client-owned dogs, involving 44 meniscal repairs (one dog was bilateral). All injuries involved the caudal horn of the medial meniscus and were associated with cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) disease.
- All dogs underwent simultaneous TPLO, with some also receiving an internal brace (IB). Most repairs used simple vertical mattress sutures.
- The overall complication rate was 34.1% (15/44). Most complications were attributed to the TPLO/TPLO+IB and did not compromise the meniscal repair outcome.
- No median time to “acceptable” or “full” function was reported, but most dogs showed improvement in lameness and LOAD scores (p < .001), indicating good to excellent outcomes.
- Meniscal repair success rate was 88% (38/44), with TPLO + IB outperforming TPLO-only (93.3% vs 71.4%). Follow-up was performed at 8 weeks (40 dogs) and 6 months (16 dogs).
- Six failures occurred, all managed with arthroscopic meniscectomy, leading to normal activity in those dogs. Two IB-associated failures led to CrCL instability.
- The authors concluded the technique was safe, practical, and effective, with a reasonable complication rate.
- The findings support arthroscopic suturing as a feasible alternative to meniscectomy or meniscal release, offering long-term benefits for preserving the meniscus.
Veterinary Surgery
5
2024
Short‐term outcomes of 43 dogs treated with arthroscopic suturing for meniscal tears
2024-5-VS-rocheleau-1
In Lee 2022 et al., on TPLO accuracy, what feature of the 3D-printed guide directly aided in more accurate jig pin placement?
🔍 Key Findings
- 3D-printed TPLO guides significantly reduced osteotomy inclination angle in both bone models and cadaver limbs compared to jig alone (P < .001).
- Torsional deformities were lower when the 3D-printed guide was used in bone models (P < .001), but not significantly different in cadavers.
- Angular deformities were significantly reduced in cadavers using 3D-printed guides (P < .001).
- Proximal jig pin angulation was more accurate with the guide in cadavers (P < .001); not significant in bone models.
- Medial cortex damage was substantially reduced in bone models when the 3D-printed guide was used (P < .001).
- Postoperative tibial plateau angle (TPA) did not differ significantly between groups, suggesting that clinical alignment can still be achieved without the guide.
- Clinical significance of improved metrics is uncertain, but improved precision may reduce surgical complications.
- 3D guide design allowed direct placement of jig and bone plate, potentially improving workflow and safety.
Veterinary Surgery
6
2022
Evaluation of a customized 3D‐printed saw guide for tibial plateau leveling osteotomy: An ex vivo study
2022-6-VS-lee-5
In Longo 2023 et al., on CT trochlear measurements, what best describes the significance of FTA and FTRIA in surgical planning for MPL?
🔍 Key Findings
- Dogs with MPL had significantly shallower femoral trochlear grooves compared to controls, based on CT-measured femoral trochlear groove angle (FTGA).
- FTGA >134° in small breeds (SB) and >128° in medium/large breeds (MLB) were associated with MPL and can serve as surgical thresholds for considering trochleoplasty.
- FTA and FTRIA measurements were less reliable, showing lower sensitivity/specificity than FTGA.
- Inter-rater reliability for FTGA was excellent (ICC > 0.9), supporting its use in clinical decision-making.
- FTGA differed significantly between SB and MLB dogs, suggesting anatomical variation influences MPL predisposition.
- Dogs with MPL but with FTGA below threshold may not benefit from trochleoplasty, supporting individualized surgical planning.
- CT provides more precise and reproducible evaluation of trochlear morphology than radiography or ultrasound.
- The study introduces a CT protocol using P25 and P50 reference points for consistent FTGA measurement.
Veterinary Surgery
3
2023
Computed tomographic measurements of the femoral trochlea in dogs with and without medial patellar luxation
2023-3-VS-longo-3
In Rigo 2026 et al., on feline pedicle screws, which direction characterized all pedicle breaches observed during screw trajectory evaluation?
🔍 Key Findings
- Pedicle screw placement in feline thoracolumbar vertebrae using patient-specific 3D-printed drill guides was highly accurate, with a mean deviation from planned trajectory of 0.61° ± 0.72.
- Overall pedicle containment rate was 93% (grade 0), with only 5.5% minor breaches (<0.5 mm) and 1.5% moderate breaches (0.5–1 mm).
- Thoracic vertebrae demonstrated perfect safety (48/48 grade 0), whereas all breaches occurred in the lumbar vertebrae (p = 0.02).
- All pedicle breaches were lateral, and no medial breaches or spinal canal violations occurred in the study.
- Accuracy did not differ between breeds (Maine Coon vs mixed-breed) or sides (left vs right), suggesting consistent guide performance across anatomical variations.
- 3D-printed drill guides allowed minimal surgical exposure, requiring access only to the dorsal lamina rather than lateral vertebral surfaces.
- Pedicle screw constructs may facilitate dorsal PMMA application, enabling easier cement placement and bilateral incorporation of screw heads.
- A clinical proof-of-concept case (T12 fracture) treated with pedicle screws and dorsal PMMA stabilization showed accurate implant placement without perioperative complications.
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology
2
2026
Feasibility and Accuracy of Pedicle Screws in the Feline Thoracolumbar Spine
2026-2-vcot-rigo-4
In Scott 2023 et al., on thoracoscopic-assisted lung lobectomy, what was the most common **histopathologic diagnosis** among the excised pulmonary lesions?
🔍 Key Findings
- TA lung lobectomy was feasible in dogs ≥3 kg, including those with lesions up to 10 cm.
- 12 intraoperative complications (40%) occurred, with 6 dogs (20%) converted to open thoracotomy, mainly due to adhesions or inability to isolate lobes.
- Postoperative complications occurred in 8 dogs (27%), most were mild (63%), and only 1 death (3%) was reported.
- Median hospitalization was 47 hours; 29/30 dogs were discharged successfully.
- One-lung ventilation (OLV) was attempted in 7 dogs but successfully maintained in only 4.
- Linear staplers had shorter surgery times (median 57.5 min) than endoscopic staplers (80 min).
- Histopathology confirmed neoplasia in 77% of cases, most commonly papillary and bronchioalveolar carcinoma.
- TA lobectomy allows MIS in smaller dogs or with large lesions, avoiding need for full thoracotomy or complex anesthesia/stapling.
Veterinary Surgery
1
2023
Complications and outcomes of thoracoscopic-assisted lung lobectomy in dogs
2023-1-VS-scott-1
In Kikuchi 2025 et al., on arthroscopic MMI in toy breeds, which factor was significantly associated with an increased risk of MMI?
🔍 Key Findings
- Medial meniscus injury (MMI) occurred in 36.3% of stifles with CrCLR in toy breed dogs (<5 kg)
- Complete CrCLR was significantly associated with MMI (15.3% of complete vs. 3.4% of partial)
- Severe lameness (grade 3) increased the likelihood of MMI compared to mild lameness (grade 1)
- Higher body weight, even within the toy breed range, was positively associated with MMI
- Yorkshire Terriers had the highest MMI incidence (55.6%), but this was not a significant independent factor due to multicollinearity
- Arthroscopy identified more meniscal damage (including small radial tears and bucket-handle lesions) than gross examination might detect
- MMI was classified as mild (radial tear) or severe (bucket-handle or flap) with implications for partial meniscectomy
- Arthroscopy was used in all cases, underscoring its utility in small-breed stifle assessment
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology
5
2025
Incidence of Medial Meniscus Injury Detected by Arthroscopy in Toy Breed Dogs
2025-5-VCOT-kikuchi-2
In Paul 2024 et al., on postoperative analgesia with BLIS vs fentanyl in amputation, what effect did BLIS have on postoperative sedation scores compared to fentanyl?
🔍 Key Findings
- BLIS (bupivacaine liposome injectable solution) provided equivalent analgesia to fentanyl CRI based on CMPS-SF scores at all time points except 6h, where BLIS was superior
- Fewer adverse effects (nausea, vomiting, sedation) were noted in the BLIS group
- BLIS dogs ate sooner postoperatively (median 6h vs 9h in control)
- Sedation occurred in 2/20 dogs in BLIS group vs 10/20 in fentanyl group
- Vomiting occurred in 0/20 BLIS dogs vs 4/20 in fentanyl group
- Rescue analgesia rates were similar (5 BLIS vs 4 fentanyl group), confirming noninferiority
- Owner-reported VAS scores were lower for BLIS on day 1 a.m. and p.m. despite variability
- Results suggest BLIS could reduce opioid reliance post-amputation
Veterinary Surgery
6
2024
Comparison of bupivacaine liposome injectable solution and fentanyl for postoperative analgesia in dogs undergoing limb amputation
2024-6-VS-paul-5
In Isono 2025 et al., on tibial malalignment in MPL, which finding best characterized grade 4 medial patellar luxation?
🔍 Key Findings
- Proximal Tibia Metatarsal Angle (PTMTA) was significantly increased in dogs with grade 3 and 4 MPL, making it a useful marker for severity.
- PTMTA strongly correlated with Tibial Torsion Angle (TTA) (r = 0.733) and Crural Rotation Angle (CRA) (r = 0.643), integrating multiple morphological deformities.
- Grade 4 MPL cases showed significant internal tibial torsion, increased mMPTA, and decreased MDTT/PTW—indicating both rotation and medial displacement.
- DTMTA was significantly more negative in grade 4, indicating a consistent pattern of internal foot rotation with disease severity.
- PTMTA can be visually assessed during palpation, offering preoperative utility without CT.
- Among toy poodles, PTMTA showed significant differences even between grades 3 and normal, suggesting breed-specific severity patterns.
- Corrective osteotomy may need to address tibial as well as femoral deformities in severe MPL cases with high PTMTA.
- Younger dogs with grade 4 MPL had more severe deformities, possibly due to early onset or developmental progression.
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology
4
2025
Tibial Torsion Malalignment in Small Dogs with Medial Patellar Luxation
2025-4-VCOT-isono-2
In Baldo Clemot 2026 et al., on dynamic MRI in DLSS, what was the most consistent finding in the flexed position compared to neutral?
🔍 Key Findings
- Flexed MRI reduced IVD protrusion, foraminal stenosis, and VBLF significantly compared to neutral position.
- No dogs had persistent cauda equina compression or foraminal occlusion in the flexed position.
- Protrusion decreased by ~50% in flexion (PRCR and PACR reductions of 49.3% and 53.1%, respectively).
- Degree of IVD protrusion correlated with IVD degeneration but not spondylosis.
- Spondylosis did not limit flexion or affect decompression response.
- Complete vertebral canal occlusion resolved in all cases when LSJ was flexed.
- Indirect decompression via distraction may negate the need for laminectomy/discectomy, unless placing an IVD spacer.
- Findings question the routine use of decompressive surgery with distraction-stabilization in DLSS when good flexion is achieved.
Veterinary Surgery
1
2026
Dynamic magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbosacral spine in neutral and flexed position for presurgical assessment of clinically affected dogs with degenerative lumbosacral stenosis
2026-1-VS-baldo-clemot-1
Quiz Results
You answered 7 out of 10 questions correctly
Key Findings