🔍 Key Findings Summary

• 95 TPLO procedures reviewed retrospectively with follow-up radiographs
• Rock-back defined as increase in tibial plateau angle (TPA) ≥2° from immediate post-op to recheck
• 21% of stifles (20/95) experienced rock-back
• Mean ΔTPA among rock-back cases = 3.2° ± 2.6°
• No implant failures or tibial tuberosity fractures were reported in these cases
• Plate inclination and exit cut angle (ECA) were not associated with increased risk of rock-back (p = 0.4 and 0.2)
• Authors hypothesize that compression across osteotomy in vivo may mitigate torsional effects from ECA, unlike in gap-model studies
• Emphasizes that rock-back is relatively common, even with well-placed implants

🔍 Key Findings

• 3D-printed models using desktop printers (FDM, LFS) showed submillimetric accuracy, comparable to or better than industrial-grade PJP printers.
• Bone size had a greater effect on print accuracy than printer type, especially in proximal humerus regions.
• The humeral condyle region showed the greatest model accuracy, with mean differences under 0.5 mm, regardless of printer.
• Models tended to be slightly smaller than cadaveric bones, potentially due to systematic underestimation during printing.
• FDM printer provided the highest accuracy at the humeral condyle in medium-sized bones (+0.09 mm).
• LFS printer produced prints faster and more reliably than FDM, although both had comparable dimensional accuracy.
• Statistically significant differences existed, but all were submillimetric and unlikely to impact surgical outcomes.
• Desktop printers are suitable for surgical planning, including plate pre-contouring and patient-specific instrumentation.

🔍 Key Findings

• Ex vivo study using 24 canine cadaver pelves to test screw thread direction in SI luxation.
• Four groups: RhRSI, RhLSI, LhRSI, LhLSI.
• Right-handed screws on right side (RhRSI) had 313% higher torque and 274% higher load vs left side (p < .01).
• Left-handed screws on left side (LhLSI) had 198% higher torque and 195% higher load vs right side (p < .03).
• All failures occurred due to rotation, with no screw breakage or fractures.
• Body weight and moment arm were similar across groups.
• Clinical implication: Use of screw matching handedness to luxation side improves stability.

🔍 Key Findings

• Ectopic ureters in cats are rare, but most are extramural and bilateral.
• Surgical techniques used included ureteroneocystostomy (UNC), neoureterostomy (NU), nephroureterectomy, and cystoscopic laser ablation (CLA).
• All cats showed improvement in urinary continence postoperatively, with 11/12 achieving complete resolution.
• Major complications were rare; one cat developed uroabdomen requiring revision surgery.
• Diagnostic imaging was effective, with abdominal ultrasound diagnosing 8/10 and CT 3/3 cases.
• Short- and long-term complications included urethral spasms, UTIs, stranguria, and rectal prolapse; all were manageable.
• CLA was successful in 2 cats and is noted as a first-time described technique in feline ectopic ureter cases.
• Median postoperative follow-up was 340 days, supporting good long-term outcomes.

🔍 Key Findings

• Feasibility study in 5 canine cadavers plus 1 clinical case (Chihuahua, 5.5 kg).
• Technique used two small approaches (caudal and craniolateral) connected with an epiperiosteal tunnel.
• Plates were precontoured on mirrored 3D-printed hemipelves to improve fit and reduce intraoperative bending.
• Cadaver outcomes: fracture gap <2 mm, step defect <1 mm, pelvic angulation <5°.
• Sciatic nerve injury was minimal: 1/5 cadavers had a mild indentation; others had no gross injury.
• Median total surgical time: ~46 minutes in cadavers; incisions ~5 cm.
• Clinical Chihuahua case: weight-bearing within 24 hrs, radiographic union at 3 months; one screw fractured but no adverse effect.
• Authors conclude: MIAF with 3D printing is feasible and accurate, but requires further evaluation before routine use.

🔍 Key Findings

• Mitral valve plasty (MVP) in dogs with MMVD significantly reduced regurgitant volume and fraction, and normalized LA:Ao ratio, indicating reversal of volume overload.
• MVP altered mitral valve geometry, with reduced annular dimensions and increased coaptation length, enhancing valve competence.
• Postoperative LA:Ao ratio dropped from 2.2 to 1.2, consistent with improved left atrial pressure and size.
• Forward stroke volume index and cardiac index increased at 3 months, reflecting improved hemodynamic function despite reduced fractional shortening.
• Three dogs (3.9%) died postoperatively, highlighting a 96.1% survival rate within 3 months.
• The repair technique involved artificial chordal replacement and annuloplasty; no cleft closure or leaflet suturing was used.
• Color Doppler echocardiography confirmed substantial reduction in mitral regurgitation postoperatively in most dogs.

🔍 Key Findings

• Skin staple anastomosis (SSA) had comparable leak pressures to hand-sewn anastomosis (HSA) but required half the time to complete.
• Skin staple enterotomy (SSE) had significantly lower leak pressures than hand-sewn enterotomy (HSE) and failed in 12/20 constructs during pressure testing.
• HSE constructs took 8× longer to complete than SSE, but had much higher intraluminal pressure tolerance.
• All SSE constructs leaked from the center, with 35% leaking immediately and 60% showing catastrophic failure.
• SSA leakage occurred at the center in 40% of constructs, likely due to a learning curve in early samples.
• All constructs had higher pressures than normal physiologic intestinal pressure (4.0 mmHg ±2.0), except some SSEs with immediate leaks.
• Authors recommend SSA as a viable alternative with appropriate training but do not recommend SSE using the tested technique in live cats.
• Staple size and placement technique are key factors; smaller or more precisely placed staples may reduce leak risk.

🔍 Key Findings

• Tracheal anastomoses in immature dogs failed at significantly lower distraction forces (44.91 ± 59.03 N) than in adults (149.31 ± 45.36 N; _P_ = .007).
• Immature tracheae tolerated significantly more elongation before failure (39.75 ± 5.45%) than adult tracheae (30.57 ± 7.19%; _P_ = .0012).
• All constructs failed by suture tearing through the annular ligament, primarily near the dorsal tracheal ring.
• Overlapping of tracheal ends was seen in 50% of specimens across both age groups, suggesting limitations in tissue apposition with the chosen technique.
• Simple continuous pattern using 2-0 polypropylene was used; this pattern provides superior tensile strength compared to simple interrupted, but apposition may be suboptimal.
• Tracheal elasticity in immature dogs may allow longer resections, but the lower tensile strength necessitates reinforcement.
• Annular ligament-cartilage technique with 4-mm suture spacing showed variable results; smaller bites and nylon suture may improve outcomes.
• Ex vivo setup using frozen-thawed tracheae is a limitation, but prior studies support comparability with fresh tissue.

🔍 Key Findings

• 67.9% of respondents reported using SSCs, with most indicating frequent use (64% used in every surgery).
• 78.7% agreed SSCs reduce complications, and 89.6% believed SSCs improve communication.
• Respondents not using SSCs were more likely to view them as a waste of time (p < .001).
• Forgetfulness (39.6%) and time constraints (36.5%) were leading reasons for checklist noncompletion.
• Only 23.3% had SSC training during surgical residency, with newer diplomates more likely to have had exposure (p < .001).
• Key strategies to improve uptake included: staff feedback modifications (67.9%), formal designation of initiator (48.6%), and training (52.2%).
• Surgeons and OR staff were most commonly identified as noncompliant team members.
• SSC use was more frequent in small animal practices, and mandating SSCs by management was favored but not always effective alone.

🔍 Key Findings

• Study Type: Cadaveric study using 36 paired canine shoulders (n = 18 per group: Subacromial [SA] and Supratubercular [ST])
• Survey Results: 75% of clinicians preferred SA technique; 25% used ST

• Complete accuracy: 50% (SA), 44% (ST) — no significant difference (p = .8)
• Partial accuracy: 39% (SA), 50% (ST)
• Complete miss: 11% (SA), 5.6% (ST)

• Incidence of IACI:
  • SA: 50% (9/18 shoulders)
  • ST: 11% (2/18 shoulders) → statistically significant (p = .007)
• Lesion depth: All ST lesions were partial-thickness; SA group had one full-thickness lesion (p = .027)
• Location: Lesions found on glenoid and humeral head with even distribution in SA; only one each in ST

• Landmark-guided injections were ≤50% completely accurate, even by an experienced operator.
• ST technique is safer with lower risk of cartilage damage, despite similar accuracy.
• Findings support considering image-guided techniques to improve both safety and accuracy in clinical settings.