Your Custom Quiz
In Simpson 2022 et al., on feline cholecystectomy outcomes, what was the survival rate to hospital discharge?
🔍 Key Findings
- Cholelithiasis was the most common indication for cholecystectomy in cats.
- Perioperative complications were frequent, with intraoperative hypotension in all recorded cases and postoperative anemia in 14 cats.
- Perioperative mortality was 21.7%, lower than historical rates for feline biliary surgery.
- 78.3% of cats survived to discharge, and 83.3% of those lived >6 months; 44.4% survived >3 years.
- Vomiting was the most common short- and long-term complication, though most cats were medically managed.
- Concurrent EHBDO was not a contraindication provided CBD patency was restored.
- Positive bacterial cultures were found in 15 cats, with E. coli and Enterococcus faecalis most common.
- Owner-reported outcomes were excellent in all cats that survived long-term.
Veterinary Surgery
1
2022
Cholecystectomy in 23 cats (2005‐2021)
2022-1-VS-simpson-4
In Toth 2026 et al., on GIFB ultrasound accuracy, what was the reported accuracy of abdominal ultrasonography in identifying the type of gastrointestinal foreign body in dogs?
🔍 Key Findings
- Abdominal ultrasonography accurately identified foreign body type (96.8%) and shape (93.5%), demonstrating strong diagnostic agreement with surgical findings.
- Localization accuracy for foreign bodies was lower (77.4%), indicating moderate reliability for determining exact GI segment involvement.
- Ultrasound consistently underestimated foreign body size, meaning surgical planning should account for potential larger true dimensions.
- Overall success of laparoscopic-assisted intestinal surgery (LAIS) was 53.3% (16/30 dogs), with the remainder requiring conversion to open laparotomy.
- Non-linear foreign bodies were more successfully removed laparoscopically (60.9%) than linear foreign bodies (28.6%).
- Foreign bodies located at the caudal duodenal flexure were not successfully removed via LAIS (0%), representing a key anatomic limitation.
- Ultrasound detected intestinal adhesions with ~80% accuracy, although sensitivity was lower (66.7%), meaning some adhesions were missed preoperatively.
- Foreign body location and presence of adhesions were the most important predictors of LAIS success, making preoperative ultrasound valuable for surgical decision-making.
Veterinary Surgery
2
2026
Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonographic evaluation prior to laparoscopic-assisted gastrointestinal foreign body removal in 30 dogs
2026-2-vs-toth-1
In Yu 2026 et al., on elbow OA surgery outcomes, what percentage of dogs treated with sliding humeral osteotomy had major complications in one prospective long-term study?
🔍 Key Findings
- Canine unicompartmental elbow (CUE) had the highest reported success (91–98%) and the second-best safety profile (NNH = 7.6).
- Sliding humeral osteotomy (SHO) showed moderate success (43–82%) but had the best safety profile (NNH = 9.5).
- Overall evidence quality was low, with no Level I studies and only five Level II (prospective) studies.
- Success measures were inconsistent, often based on subjective outcomes (e.g., owner satisfaction), limiting comparability.
- Adverse events were common, with high complication rates in arthrodesis and total elbow arthroplasty (TEA).
- One study using objective outcome (PVF) showed only 43% long-term success for SHO, suggesting possible overestimation of success in subjective studies.
- The review highlights the need for validated, standardized outcome tools in elbow OA surgery trials.
- Number needed to harm (NNH) emerged as a more consistent and informative safety metric than success percentages.
Veterinary Surgery
1
2026
Systematic review of surgical treatment for severe elbow osteoarthritis in dogs
2026-1-vs-yu-4
In Lin 2025 et al., on surgical approaches to the radius, which measurement was significantly greater for CLA at the P2 site?
🔍 Key Findings
- Craniolateral approach (CLA) exposed significantly more radial surface area than craniomedial approach (CMA) (19.4 cm² vs. 13.8 cm²; p = 0.01).
- Proximal width of exposure was greater in CLA, especially at 12.5% length (P2 level, p = 0.016), aiding plate placement.
- No significant difference in exposed bone length between approaches.
- CLA avoided major neurovascular structures, making dissection cleaner and safer proximally.
- CMA consistently encountered median nerve/artery/vein, complicating proximal exposure.
- CLA allowed better access to proximal radius for locking plate application, which may benefit MIPO techniques.
- CLA also enables ulna fixation via the same incision, whereas CMA requires a separate skin incision.
- Anatomical tilt of the proximal cranial surface favored CLA, requiring less plate contouring than CMA for proper fit.
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology
3
2025
Does the Craniolateral Approach Provide Better Exposure to the Radius than the Craniomedial Approach for Internal Fracture Fixation in Dogs?
2025-3-VCOT-lin-3
In Cortez 2024 et al., on feline ectopic ureters, what was the most common anatomical classification of ectopic ureters in cats?
🔍 Key Findings
- Ectopic ureters in cats are rare, but most are extramural and bilateral.
- Surgical techniques used included ureteroneocystostomy (UNC), neoureterostomy (NU), nephroureterectomy, and cystoscopic laser ablation (CLA).
- All cats showed improvement in urinary continence postoperatively, with 11/12 achieving complete resolution.
- Major complications were rare; one cat developed uroabdomen requiring revision surgery.
- Diagnostic imaging was effective, with abdominal ultrasound diagnosing 8/10 and CT 3/3 cases.
- Short- and long-term complications included urethral spasms, UTIs, stranguria, and rectal prolapse; all were manageable.
- CLA was successful in 2 cats and is noted as a first-time described technique in feline ectopic ureter cases.
- Median postoperative follow-up was 340 days, supporting good long-term outcomes.
Veterinary Surgery
6
2024
Presentation, diagnosis, and outcomes of cats undergoing surgical treatment of ectopic ureters
2024-6-VS-cortez-2
In Pfund 2025 et al., on femoral cortical thickness, what best describes the reliability of CTI measurements across observers?
🔍 Key Findings
- Lower CTI values were significantly associated with higher risk of both intraoperative and postoperative femoral fractures or fissures (p <.0001).
- The mean CTI for all dogs was 0.285, whereas dogs with fissures/fractures had a mean CTI of 0.246.
- For each 0.001 increase in CTI, odds of fissure/fracture decreased by 2–3% depending on perioperative timing.
- High interobserver reliability (ICC = 0.984) and consistency between pre- and postoperative CTI measurements (ICC = 0.96).
- CTI was the only significant risk factor identified; age, breed, bodyweight, BCS, CFI, or luxoid hips were not significant.
- Prophylactic lateral plating in dogs with low CTI (mean 0.230) resulted in no postoperative fractures.
- Postoperative fractures occurred in 8% of cases, and 93% of dogs returned to full function within one year.
- CTI may be a useful radiographic screening tool, especially when advanced imaging (e.g., DEXA) is unavailable.
Veterinary Surgery
6
2025
Femoral cortical thickness index in a population of dogs undergoing total hip replacement
2025-6-VS-pfund-4
In Buote 2023 et al., on feline laparoscopic cannulas, what intraoperative complication was reduced when using only 3DPCs?
🔍 Key Findings
- 3D-printed cannulas (3DPCs) reduced mean surgical time significantly in cadaveric procedures (125.6 vs 95.2 min, p = 0.03).
- Cannula pullout events decreased from a mean of 10 to 2.2 per procedure when using only 3DPCs (p = 0.03).
- Instrument collisions were significantly fewer with 3DPCs (6.8 vs 2.6 collisions, p = 0.03).
- Live patients experienced no postoperative complications, including no incision site infections or discomfort.
- Initial versions of 3DPCs had minor issues, including valve leakage and looser trocar fit, requiring surgical workarounds.
- Customization of cannula shaft length (3 cm vs standard 5–8.3 cm) improved working space and reduced instrument interference.
- Production cost was under $5 per cannula, suggesting 3DPCs may be a cost-effective and reusable alternative for small patients.
- Study supports broader use of 3DPCs in laparoscopic procedures requiring long-jawed instruments or intricate tissue handling.
Veterinary Surgery
6
2023
3D printed cannulas for use in laparoscopic surgery in feline patients: A cadaveric study and case series
2023-6-vs-buote-2-d3982
In Araos 2024 et al., on helmet CPAP in brachycephalic postoperative dogs, which primary outcome showed a significant treatment effect?
🔍 Key Findings
- CPAP at 5 cmH₂O via helmet significantly improved PaO₂/FiO₂ ratio in the early postoperative period of brachycephalic dogs, supporting enhanced pulmonary oxygen exchange (p = .04).
- CPAP had no significant effect on SpO₂ (p = .9), PaCO₂ (p = .18), or rectal temperature (p = .5).
- Helmet tolerance decreased over time, with 13 dogs withdrawn for intolerance (9 CPAP, 4 control) and 6 dogs withdrawn for airway compromise (5 control, 1 CPAP).
- CPAP group maintained PaO₂/FiO₂ ratios near or above 400 mmHg, while control dogs showed consistently lower values.
- Authors suggest PaO₂/FiO₂ is a more reliable oxygenation measure than SpO₂ for evaluating postoperative lung function.
- The study found no cases of hyperthermia; temperatures normalized over time in both groups.
- Arterial catheterization failed in several dogs, limiting blood gas analysis to a subset of the population.
- Authors recommend further studies focused on BOAS patients and exploring longer-duration CPAP use to assess impact on critical outcomes like tracheostomy rates or hospitalization.
Veterinary Surgery
5
2024
Effect of continuous positive airway pressure helmet on respiratory function following laparoscopic surgery in healthy dogs
2024-5-VS-araos-1
In Otero Balda 2025 et al., on Short-term outcomes after feline cPSS surgery, what was the survival rate in cats pretreated with levetiracetam following the LEV1 protocol?
🔍 Key Findings
- 78% of cats that developed postattenuation neurologic signs (PANS) after congenital portosystemic shunt (cPSS) surgery survived to 30 days.
- Postattenuation seizures (PAS) were associated with significantly decreased 30-day survival (50% vs. 78%; OR: 0.015, p = .005).
- Treatment of PANS with propofol was a negative prognostic factor (OR: 0.112, p = .0008).
- Generalized PAS accounted for most seizure cases and were more frequently fatal than focal or unknown-type seizures.
- Pretreatment with levetiracetam (LEV1 protocol) showed a trend toward improved survival (100% vs. 60.6% in untreated cats), though not statistically significant (p = .06).
- Shunt morphology, method of attenuation, and study period (early vs. late) were not significantly associated with 30-day survival.
- Electrolyte, glucose, and ammonia abnormalities were not strongly linked to survival outcomes in this study.
- Majority of PAS-related deaths were due to uncontrolled generalized seizures or euthanasia because of severity.
Veterinary Surgery
5
2025
Prognostic factors for short‐term survival of cats that experienced postattenuation neurologic signs after surgical attenuation of single congenital portosystemic shunts
2025-5-VS-otero-5
In Kang 2026 et al., on 3D-printed locking plates, which combination produced the lowest push-out strength?
🔍 Key Findings
- Directly 3D-printed locking plate holes can achieve mechanical performance comparable to machined plates when printed at optimal orientation (0°).
- All 3D-printed plates failed at 2.0 Nm insertion torque due to thread deformation, while machined ARIX plates tolerated this torque without failure.
- Build orientation significantly affected mechanical strength, with push-out strength ranking: ARIX > 3D-0° > 3D-45° > 3D-90°.
- Insertion torque was a major determinant of push-out strength, with 1.1 Nm (manufacturer-recommended torque) producing the highest strength.
- Low torque combined with screw angulation (15°) resulted in the lowest push-out strength, demonstrating reduced screw–plate engagement.
- Screw angulation alone did not significantly reduce strength when torque was adequate, likely due to the ARIX double-lead thread design allowing engagement up to 15°.
- Additive manufacturing produced threads with lower hardness compared with machined threads, explaining deformation at excessive torque.
- Integrated 3D-printed locking systems may enable patient-specific implants without post-machining, potentially improving implant conformity and surgical efficiency.
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology
2
2026
Feasibility of Integrating Locking Plate System into Additively Manufactured Implants: A Mechanical Comparison of Three-Dimensional-Printed and Machined Locking Hole Threads
2026-2-vcot-kang-5
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