Your Custom Quiz
In Radke 2022 et al., on outcome measure validation, which limitation applied to **all 6 OROMs** evaluated?
🔍 Key Findings
- CBPI, COI, and LOAD are recommended for assessing canine osteoarthritis based on COSMIN criteria.
- COI scored highest in development rigor and evidence quality among evaluated OROMs.
- Internal consistency, reliability, and responsiveness were commonly validated, though no OROMs reported measurement error.
- LOAD was considered formative, and internal consistency assessment was deemed unnecessary.
- CBPI and COI showed sufficient internal consistency, but CBPI’s factor structure was inconsistent across studies.
- All 6 evaluated OROMs (CBPI, COI, LOAD, BHSII, HCPI, HVAS) were quick to complete (under 5 min).
- Three tools—BHSII, HCPI, HVAS—need more evidence before recommendation; only CBPI, COI, and LOAD are Category A (recommended).
- Future studies should assess interpretability, including measurement error and clinically meaningful change scores (MIC, SDC).
Veterinary Surgery
2
2022
Evidence‐based evaluation of owner‐reported outcome measures for canine orthopedic care – a COSMIN evaluation of 6 instruments
2022-2-VS-radke-4
In Marshall 2022 et al., on fracture healing outcomes, what was the **prevalence of non-union** among the 461 fractures reviewed?
🔍 Key Findings
- Delayed union occurred in 13.9% of fractures; non-union in 4.6%; mal-union in 0.7%
- Major implant failure increased odds of delayed or non-union by 12.9×
- Surgical site infection increased risk 3.2×; bone grafting (any type) was also associated (OR 3.3)
- Comminuted fractures had 4.2× greater odds of delayed or non-union
- Older age increased risk, with odds increasing by 21% per year
- Radius and ulna fractures in toy breeds were not high risk, contrary to historical belief
- Most non-unions required revision surgery with rhBMP-2 or autograft to achieve union
- Ilium fractures showed 0% delayed/non-union — possibly due to robust muscle envelope
Veterinary Surgery
7
2022
Delayed union, non-union and mal-union in 442 dogs
2022-7-VS-marshall-3
In Katz 2022 et al., on meniscal flounce sign, what percent of menisci with absent flounce sign were found to be torn?
🔍 Key Findings
- A positive meniscal flounce sign was associated with normal menisci in 95.5% of cases, demonstrating strong predictive value.
- Absence of the meniscal flounce sign was associated with meniscal tears in 92.7% of cases.
- Overall diagnostic accuracy of the flounce sign was 94.6%, with 96.6% sensitivity and 90.5% specificity.
- Most tears in flounce-negative stifles were bucket-handle tears (73.8%), while radial tears were present in some flounce-positive stifles.
- Radial tears did not consistently eliminate the flounce sign, suggesting they may not disrupt meniscal fiber tension sufficiently.
- All procedures were arthroscopically performed, with probing and visualization of the medial meniscus' caudal pole.
- Flounce sign should complement, not replace, probing—especially as some tear types (e.g., radial) may not abolish the sign.
- Limb positioning and joint distraction may affect flounce visibility, introducing minor observer variability.
Veterinary Surgery
2
2022
The significance of the meniscal flounce sign in canine stifle arthroscopy
2022-2-VS-katz-4
In Van Den Brink 2026 et al., on lumbosacral fusion, which major complication led to revision surgery in dogs from both treatment groups?
🔍 Key Findings
- Long-term functional outcome was similar between treatments, with complete recovery in 63.6% of stand-alone cage dogs and 64.7% of cage + PSRF dogs.
- Minor complications were substantially more common with stand-alone cages (10/11 dogs) than with cage + PSRF (6/17 dogs).
- Major complications occurred in both groups, including cage migration, implant failure, relapse of clinical signs, and euthanasia.
- Cage subsidence was more frequent with stand-alone cages (75%) than cage + PSRF (33%).
- Fusion through the intervertebral cage was observed more consistently with PSRF, occurring in 4/4 CT-evaluated dogs versus 1/4 stand-alone cage dogs.
- Histologic assessment confirmed successful bone bridging and fusion in the PSRF case, whereas the stand-alone cage specimen demonstrated fibrous tissue predominance and subsidence.
- Positive bacterial cultures were identified in 6/28 dogs, but no dog developed clinically significant postoperative discospondylitis.
- The authors concluded that both approaches are clinically viable, but cage + PSRF may be preferable due to reduced subsidence and improved fusion potential.
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology
3
2026
Comparison of Stand-Alone Cage versus Intervertebral Cage with Pedicle Screw and Rod Fixation in Dogs with Degenerative Lumbosacral Stenosis
2026-3-vcot-van-den-brink-4
In Miyagi 2025 et al., on endoscopic laser sphincterotomy, what was concluded regarding ICBD length and body weight?
🔍 Key Findings
- Endoscopic-assisted retrograde catheterization (EARC) and laser sphincterotomy were successful in 18/18 cadavers, demonstrating technical feasibility.
- Intramural common bile duct (ICBD) length ranged from 10 to 21 mm (mean 15.8 mm), with no correlation to body weight (r = 0.06, p = .79).
- Transition from ICBD to extramural duct was accurately identified endoscopically in 88% (16/18); transition was heralded by separation of the submucosal layer.
- Partial lateral perforations occurred in 2/18 dogs, only during early learning phase; no leakage was found on open dissection.
- Laser sphincterotomy preserved the pancreatic duct orifice, aided by protective catheter positioning.
- Compared to open duodenotomy, this technique allows for a smaller incision and less manipulation of the pancreas, which may reduce morbidity.
- No adverse events such as intra-abdominal saline egress or full-thickness perforation occurred, and the technique allowed safe access up to 10 mm from the MDP.
- Cadaveric limitations included absence of biliary pathology and inability to evaluate live complications, but the technique shows promise for future live animal trials.
Veterinary Surgery
5
2025
Endoscopic‐assisted laser sphincterotomy of the intramural common bile duct: A cadaveric pilot study
2025-5-VS-miyagi-5
In Mcclean 2026 et al., on stifle arthrocentesis techniques, where were cartilage injuries caused by the POUCH technique primarily located?
🔍 Key Findings
- All four arthrocentesis techniques achieved 100% intra-articular accuracy, confirming that each landmark-guided method could successfully access the canine stifle joint.
- Lateral intercondylar notch (LINC) was the most commonly used technique clinically, reported by 87.5% (35/40) of surveyed surgeons.
- INFRA and SUPRA required significantly more needle repositions (median 3 and 2) compared with LINC and POUCH (median 1) (p = .001).
- No iatrogenic articular cartilage injury (IACI) occurred with LINC or SUPRA techniques, suggesting favorable safety profiles.
- INFRA produced the highest IACI rate (75%), with 6/8 limbs affected, indicating substantial risk with this approach.
- More than half of INFRA injuries exceeded 10 mm² and involved weight-bearing cartilage, raising concern for clinically significant joint damage.
- POUCH technique caused IACI in 37.5% of cases, but injuries occurred exclusively on non-weight-bearing cartilage.
- SUPRA (suprapatellar) approach demonstrated accuracy with zero cartilage injury, making it a promising safer alternative for stifle arthrocentesis pending clinical validation.
Veterinary Surgery
2
2026
Accuracy and safety of stifle arthrocentesis and injection based on two established and two new landmarks: Ex vivo study in dogs
2026-2-vs-mcclean-5
In Gibson 2024 et al., on mediastinoscopy in dogs, what lymph node was **most consistently retrieved** using the SILS-port technique?
🔍 Key Findings
- Mediastinoscopy was technically feasible in large-breed canine cadavers using a SILS port and standard laparoscopic instruments.
- The left tracheobronchial lymph node (LTBLN) was successfully retrieved in all cadavers (7/7), while cranial mediastinal lymph nodes were retrieved in only 1/7.
- Postprocedural pleural gas was observed in 4/7 cadavers, likely due to CO₂ insufflation.
- Instrument limitations with a human-designed mediastinoscope led to preference for laparoscopic instruments and SILS port for improved access and visualization.
- Complication rates were low, with only two minor (Grade 1) adverse events (pleural tear and LN rupture).
- Obesity and mediastinal fat were cited as potential challenges to visualization and node retrieval.
- NASA-TLX workload scores were lowest for tracheobronchial nodes, indicating these were the easiest to access.
- The authors concluded this approach may facilitate minimally invasive biopsy or resection of cranial mediastinal masses in live dogs, but clinical trials are needed to validate safety and efficacy.
Veterinary Surgery
5
2024
Evaluation of mediastinoscopy for cranial mediastinal and tracheobronchial lymphadenectomy in canine cadavers
2024-5-VS-gibson-1
In Kokkinos 2025 et al., on THR age effects, which perioperative complication was significantly more common in dogs <6 months of age?
🔍 Key Findings
- Study population: 116 dogs underwent cementless THR; grouped by age:
- Group A: ≤6 months (n = 27)
- Group B: >6 to ≤12 months (n = 41)
- Group C: >12 months (n = 48)
- Overall perioperative complication rate: 31.9% (37/116)
- Group A: 22.2%
- Group B: 26.8%
- Group C: 41.7%
- No significant difference in total complication rate by age (p = .207), though older dogs (Group C) had numerically higher rates.
- Luxation was significantly more common in dogs >12 months:
- Group C: 14.6% vs. Group A (0%) and Group B (2.4%) → p = .049
- Most common complications: luxation (9.5%) and intraoperative fissure or fracture (9.5%)
- Time under anesthesia and surgery duration were not associated with complication risk (p = .297 and p = .781)
- No infections or aseptic loosening observed during the 8-week follow-up.
Veterinary Surgery
3
2025
The influence of age at total hip replacement on perioperative complications in dogs
2025-3-VS-kokkinos-2
In Pilot 2022 et al., on closure methods in sternotomy, which of the following was significantly associated with an increased risk of complications?
🔍 Key Findings
- Overall closure-related complication rate was 14.1%, lower than previously reported (17–78%).
- No clinically meaningful difference in complication rate between orthopedic wire (17.4%) and suture (11.5%) closure methods.
- Dog size (≥20 kg) was the only significant risk factor associated with increased closure-related complications (p = .01).
- Type of closure (wire vs. suture) did not affect risk, even in larger dogs.
- Suture closure showed a non-significant trend toward fewer complications (mean reduction 2.3%, 95% CI: –9.1% to +4.5%).
- Most complications were mild (62%), with only 10 severe cases requiring surgical revision.
- Infection rate was low (2.7%), and not significantly different between wire and suture.
- Suture closure is a valid alternative to wire, including in large dogs, based on this large, multi-institutional study.
Veterinary Surgery
6
2022
Comparison of median sternotomy closure‐related complication rates using orthopedic wire or suture in dogs: A multi-institutional observational treatment effect analysis
2022-6-VS-pilot-2
In Walker 2022 et al., on TPLO mRUST scoring, what effect did bilateral cruciate ligament injury have on healing between staged TPLOs?
🔍 Key Findings
- TPLO mRUST scoring showed improved inter-rater reliability (ICC = 0.56) compared to subjective evaluation (Kappa = 0.33).
- Intra-rater reliability was similar for both methods (TPLO mRUST: 0.73, subjective: 0.72).
- TPLO mRUST scores ≥10/12 strongly correlated with radiographic union, as subjectively assessed (99% agreement).
- No significant difference in healing between first and second TPLO sides (P = .09), countering assumptions about load-bearing impact.
- Higher initial lameness scores and younger age were associated with higher TPLO mRUST scores, suggesting more robust healing in those groups.
- Postoperative complications were linked to lower TPLO mRUST scores, indicating impaired healing.
- Medial cortex was excluded from scoring due to plate obstruction, validating use of only 3 cortices for scoring.
- The TPLO mRUST system may standardize healing assessment, reducing subjective bias across specialties.
Veterinary Surgery
8
2022
Evaluation of a modified radiographic union scale for tibial fractures scoring system in staged bilateral tibial plateau leveling osteotomy procedures and comparison of first and second side radiographic bone healing
2022-8-VS-walker-4
Quiz Results
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Key Findings