🔍 Key Findings

• Open transcholecystic cholangioscopy was feasible using a 3.8 mm disposable flexible endoscope in all 8 canine cadavers.
• Visualization was consistently achieved up to the junction of the hepatic ducts, common bile duct, and cystic duct.
• Advancement past the junction was limited by the endoscope diameter (3.8 mm) and anatomical flexure.
• The 1.9 mm flexible ureteroscope could visualize the entire biliary tree, including the major duodenal papilla, in a large dog (43.8 kg).
• Endoscopic tools (e.g., 3 Fr grasping forceps) could be passed through the working channel only after removing the irrigation line.
• Standard biopsy forceps were incompatible with the disposable endoscope's 1.2 mm working channel.
• Cadaver study showed no rupture, but clinical extrapolation is limited due to lack of diseased tissue.
• Disposable endoscope setup cost (~$6,100) was significantly lower than traditional endoscopy systems (~$75,000–100,000), improving accessibility.

🔍 Key Findings

• No significant difference in infection-inflammation rates between single-layer Kraton drapes and traditional double-layer draping at both 21 days and 6 months postop.
• Infection-inflammation occurred in 4.56% (36/789) of cases; equally distributed across draping techniques.
• Tibial tuberosity advancement (TTA) was the most common procedure (61%).
• Kraton drape features an elastic fenestration that seals without adhesives or towel clamps, offering ecological and workflow advantages.
• Mean anesthesia duration was similar between groups (~73.8 min), suggesting draping method did not impact overall surgical time.
• Culture confirmation of infection was low (14 dogs), showing reliance on clinical criteria for diagnosis.
• Potential benefits of single-layer draping include reduced waste, no need for towel clamps, and ease of use without increased risk.
• Limitations included subjective follow-up (nearly 30% indirect via phone/images) and antimicrobial usage in all cases.

🔍 Key Findings

• No significant difference in initial leak pressure (ILP) among TA 30 V3 2.5 mm, TA 60 3.5 mm, and TA 60 4.8 mm stapler sizes (P = .78).
• All stapler types exceeded the physiological intraluminal pressure threshold (~25 mmHg), suggesting acceptable leak resistance.
• Mean ILPs: TA 30 V3 (181.5 mmHg), TA 60 3.5 mm (112 mmHg), TA 60 4.8 mm (77.2 mmHg).
• Leakage occurred at the staple line in 23 of 24 specimens; only one had ileal wall rupture.
• No correlation found between ILP and cadaver weight, cecal wall thickness, or cecal length.
• Cecal wall thickness averaged 4.9 mm, yet staple heights ranged only from 1.0–2.0 mm.
• One specimen in each TA 60 group leaked near or below physiologic pressures, suggesting rare outliers.
• Study supports clinical viability of all tested stapler sizes for canine typhlectomy, but highlights need for in vivo data on healing and complications.

🔍 Key Findings

• Objective: To evaluate outcomes and complications of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) for idiopathic chylothorax in 15 cats.
• All 15 cats underwent thoracoscopic thoracic duct ligation (TDL); 13 also had simultaneous pericardectomy, 2 had VATS TDL + laparoscopic cisterna chyli ablation (CCA), and 1 cat had an open CCA.
• Median surgical time was 152.5 minutes (range 60–255).
• Contrast was used intraoperatively in 13 cats; 11 received methylene blue, and 2 received indocyanine green (ICG).
• One intraoperative complication (6%) occurred — a minor intercostal artery laceration. Conversion to open surgery occurred in 3 cases (20%) due to visualization issues or bleeding.
• Postoperative complications occurred in 8 cats (53%), with persistent pleural effusion in 5 cats (33%) being the most common.
• Mortality was high: 4 cats (27%) died or were euthanized before discharge. Only 7 of 11 cats discharged had resolution of effusion, and recurrence occurred in 1.
• Authors concluded that while VATS is technically feasible in cats, it did not improve clinical outcomes compared to open surgery, and feline idiopathic chylothorax continues to have a high mortality rate.

🔍 Key Findings

• Perineal hernia repair was feasible in dorsal recumbency in all 23 dogs, allowing simultaneous perineal and abdominal procedures without repositioning.
• Internal obturator muscle transposition (IOMT) was successfully performed in 22 dogs, with tendon transection facilitating improved muscle elevation.
• Complication rate was 60.9% in-hospital and 47.8% post-discharge, mostly minor (e.g., swelling, drainage), with infection suspected in 4 dogs (17.4%).
• Recurrence rate was 19% overall, but significantly higher in dogs with prior hernia repairs (50% vs 5.9%; p = 0.053).
• Dogs without prior repairs or organ pexies had no recurrences (p = 0.035), suggesting primary repairs without preexisting interventions fare better.
• Castration and adjunctive abdominal procedures (e.g., colopexy, cystopexy) were often performed concurrently (18/23 dogs).
• Colopexy did not prevent recurrence, although it aided in surgical visualization during perineal repair.
• Dorsal positioning allowed simultaneous access to the abdomen and perineum, improving surgical efficiency without added complications.

🔍 Key Findings

Objective: Validate a new 3D CT-based method for measuring tibial torsion in dogs with MPL, comparing it to a traditional method.

Sample: 40 tibiae from client-owned dogs with MPL (primarily small-breed).

Repeatability (intraobserver):

• New method: ICC = 0.99 → excellent agreement

Reproducibility (interobserver):

• New method: ICC = 0.83 → high agreement
• Traditional method: ICC = 0.52 → moderate agreement

Torsion angle measurements:

• New method avg: 16.00° ± 8.77
• Traditional method avg: 8.76° ± 4.92

Conclusion: The new method is more repeatable, reproducible, and provides higher torsion values than the traditional Aper method, especially reliable for small-breed dogs.

🔍 Key Findings Summary

• Subjects: 12 healthy colony cats, 68 total liver samples collected via laparoscopy
• Biopsy instruments: 3 mm vs 5 mm Storz Blakesley cup forceps
• Techniques: Twist (T), Pull (P), Twist + Pull (TP)
• Results:
  • 5 mm forceps yielded significantly more hepatic lobules (mean 12.4 vs 4.9), portal triads (29.6 vs 19.0), weight, and histologic area (p < .01)
  • T and P techniques yielded more portal triads and lobules than TP (p = .003 and p = .015)
  • TP technique resulted in greater tissue crush vs T (p = .01)
  • Good diagnostic agreement between 3 mm and 5 mm samples only with TP (κ = 0.75)
  • All samples were of sufficient diagnostic quality, despite size or technique
• Clinical implication: Both 3 mm and 5 mm forceps are viable; further studies are needed to confirm diagnostic accuracy of 3 mm samples

🔍 Key Findings

• Ventral Compression Index (VCI) ≥0.16 (extension) or ≥0.2 (flexion) was diagnostic for AAI with 100% sensitivity and >94% specificity
• VCI had the highest diagnostic accuracy among all measured variables (AUC > 0.99)
• C1-C2 overlap ≤2.7 mm (extension) or ≤1.8 mm (flexion) also diagnostic for AAI (sensitivity 84–96%, specificity 81–90%)
• C1-C2 angle ≥176.9° (extension) or ≥187.4° (flexion) had high sensitivity and specificity (~95%)
• Basion-dens interval ≥5.9 mm (extension) or ≥3.0 mm (flexion) provided moderate diagnostic accuracy
• Cranial translation ratio (CTR) ≥0.18 classified dogs as potentially unstable (sensitivity 90%, specificity 78%)
• VCI ≥0.23 reliably differentiated AAI from potentially unstable cases (sensitivity 94%, specificity 94%)
• DALR ≤0.24 had high specificity (100%) but low sensitivity for AAI diagnosis

🔍 Key Findings

• Surgeons with smaller glove sizes experienced more difficulty using laparoscopic instruments, especially endoscopic staplers, cup biopsy forceps, and vessel sealing devices.
• Endoscopic stapler was rated the most difficult instrument, with a median difficulty score of 4/10 and 25% usage difficulty.
• Female surgeons reported significantly more difficulty with several instruments due to smaller glove size.
• Reusable instruments were preferred over disposable ones for all tasks.
• Pistol grips were preferred for grasping/retracting and fine dissection, while axial grips were preferred for suturing/knot tying.
• Articulating handles were consistently associated with increased reported difficulty, especially with scissors and cup biopsy forceps.
• Left-handed surgeons had more difficulty operating endoscopic staplers, suggesting limited design inclusivity.
• Surgeons in academic settings reported more difficulty with laparoscopic maneuvers than those in private practice.

🔍 Key Findings

• CBLO was effective for stifle stabilization in skeletally immature dogs with CrCL injuries, avoiding disruption of proximal tibial growth plates.
• Radiographic union of the osteotomy occurred in a mean of 6 weeks (range: 4–8 weeks), indicating rapid bone healing.
• Full limb function was restored in all cases by long-term follow-up (mean 23 months), including dogs with initial complications.
• Two dogs developed 19° valgus deformities due to screw interference with the proximal tibial physis; both were corrected surgically with return to function.
• One dog developed 10° recurvatum due to over-rotation of the tibial plateau, but retained full function without revision.
• CCS (countersink compression screw) caused early apophyseal closure in older dogs but had no adverse clinical effects.
• In contrast, K-wire or plate-only fixation preserved open apophysis, suggesting implant choice may influence growth.
• No meniscal injuries were observed, and all CrCL injuries were managed arthroscopically — 6 complete, 6 partial, 4 avulsions.