Your Custom Quiz
In Tobias 2025 et al., on frontal sinus mucoceles, which surgical approach was associated with long-term resolution in the majority of cases?
🔍 Key Findings
- Frontal sinus mucoceles occurred in young dogs, often linked to prior skull trauma by 10 months of age.
- All dogs presented with expansile, fluid-filled lesions causing facial swelling; CT showed multicentric bone erosion, including the frontal bone and cribriform plate.
- Surgical options included frontal sinusotomy with either sinus lining ablation or re-establishment of nasofrontal drainage, with or without stenting.
- Nasofrontal stenting led to long-term resolution in most dogs, although recurrence occurred in 4/8 dogs, requiring revision surgery in 3.
- Complications were minor and included swelling or nasal discharge; no intraoperative complications were reported.
- Histology confirmed sterile mucoceles with neutrophilic inflammation and mucin, and cultures were negative in all cases.
- Guaifenesin was used postoperatively in several cases to reduce mucus viscosity; its benefit is unproven in dogs but may support drainage.
Veterinary Surgery
6
2025
Clinical findings and outcomes of eight dogs with surgically treated frontal sinus mucoceles
2025-6-VS-tobias-3
In Brisimi 2022 et al., on tracheal anastomosis tension, which statement is true?
🔍 Key Findings
- Tracheal anastomoses in immature dogs failed at significantly lower distraction forces (44.91 ± 59.03 N) than in adults (149.31 ± 45.36 N; _P_ = .007).
- Immature tracheae tolerated significantly more elongation before failure (39.75 ± 5.45%) than adult tracheae (30.57 ± 7.19%; _P_ = .0012).
- All constructs failed by suture tearing through the annular ligament, primarily near the dorsal tracheal ring.
- Overlapping of tracheal ends was seen in 50% of specimens across both age groups, suggesting limitations in tissue apposition with the chosen technique.
- Simple continuous pattern using 2-0 polypropylene was used; this pattern provides superior tensile strength compared to simple interrupted, but apposition may be suboptimal.
- Tracheal elasticity in immature dogs may allow longer resections, but the lower tensile strength necessitates reinforcement.
- Annular ligament-cartilage technique with 4-mm suture spacing showed variable results; smaller bites and nylon suture may improve outcomes.
- Ex vivo setup using frozen-thawed tracheae is a limitation, but prior studies support comparability with fresh tissue.
Veterinary Surgery
5
2022
Influence of age on resistance to distraction after tracheal anastomoses in dogs: An ex vivo study
2022-5-VS-brisimi-2
In Moreira 2024 et al., on predictive equations for TPA correction, what was the observed relationship between wedge angle and TPA correction across all four CCWO techniques?
🔍 Key Findings
- A linear relationship was observed between wedge angle and tibial plateau angle (TPA) correction across all four CCWO techniques.
- All techniques produced predictable TPA corrections using linear regression-derived equations, allowing wedge angle extrapolation to achieve a target postoperative TPA of 5°.
- TLA shift (tibial long axis) increased with wedge angle and influenced final TPA; greatest in Frederick & Cross method.
- Tibial shortening (mTL%) varied by technique, being most severe (up to 40.9%) in traditional Slocum & Devine CCWO and least in newer techniques (7.5–12%).
- The Oxley mCCWO technique showed lower TLA shift compared to the Frederick & Cross and Christ techniques, though similar to Slocum & Devine; tibial shortening was more pronounced than other modified techniques at wedge angles ≤40°.
- Techniques varied in craniocaudal translation and wedge apex positioning, influencing planning accuracy and mechanical axis alignment.
- The corrective wedge angle equations reliably predicted TPA within 4–6° across varied tibial conformations.
- The study supports equation-based planning over static TPA–5° subtraction to reduce risk of under- or over-correction.
Veterinary Surgery
8
2024
Predicting tibial plateau angles following four different types of cranial closing wedge ostectomy
2024-8-VS-moreira-1
In Lhuillery 2022 et al., on GDV stabilization timing, which variable was significantly associated with increased in-hospital and 1-month mortality?
🔍 Key Findings
- Survival rates did not differ between immediate (90 min) and delayed (≥5 h) surgical stabilization groups at discharge or 1-month post-op (approx. 80% survival in both).
- Hyperlactatemia at 24 hours post-fluid therapy was significantly associated with in-hospital and 1-month mortality (P = .01 and P = .02).
- Persistent tachycardia during hospitalization was linked to increased 1-month mortality (P = .015).
- Partial gastrectomy was required in ~6–10% of cases, with high associated mortality.
- Preoperative stabilization protocols (trocarization, nasogastric tube) allowed safe surgical delays up to 13.7 hours without impacting survival.
- Degree of gastric torsion differed between groups; more 0° torsions in delayed cases, potentially due to decompression-induced derotation.
- No difference in post-op complications such as arrhythmias, hypotension, or AKI between groups.
- More intra-anesthetic deaths occurred in immediate surgery group, highlighting importance of adequate pre-op stabilization.
Veterinary Surgery
5
2022
Outcomes of dogs undergoing surgery for gastric dilatation volvulus after rapid versus prolonged medical stabilization
2022-5-VS-lhuillery-2
In Peng 2025 et al., on study design, … how were the final RFG scores determined for each dog?
🔍 Key Findings
- Remote respiratory function grading (RFG) had poor to moderate reliability compared to in-person assessment.
- Expert graders had higher agreement with in-person scores than novices (Cohen’s kappa 0.37–0.48 vs. 0.21–0.47).
- Interobserver agreement was moderate among experts (Fleiss’ kappa = 0.59) and poor among novices (Fleiss’ kappa = 0.39).
- Remote recordings suffered from background noise, short clip durations, and technical limitations of electronic stethoscope recordings.
- Final RFG scores were based on the highest grade across categories (respiratory noise, inspiratory effort, dyspnea/cyanosis/syncope).
- Clinical impact: Only in-person grading reliably supports decisions for surgical intervention or breeding restrictions.
Veterinary Surgery
3
2025
Comparison of remote and in-person respiratory function grading of brachycephalic dogs
2025-3-VS-peng1-5
In Banks 2024 et al., on CCWO outcomes, what was the **median postoperative TPA** in small dogs?
🔍 Key Findings
- Oxley's modified CCWO did not achieve the target TPA of 5° in most cases, even with planning.
- Mean planned TPA was 7.6°, higher than target, and consistent across dog sizes.
- Postoperative TPAs were significantly higher in small dogs (median 7°) than in large dogs (median 4.5°).
- Distalization >7.5 mm of the osteotomy from the patellar tendon led to increased under-correction of TPA.
- Only dogs with preoperative TPA >35° achieved post-planning TPAs close to the 5° target.
- Postoperative osteotomy positions were generally more distal than recommended (8.6 mm median).
- Virtual plate fit was appropriate for all dogs at 5 mm or 7.5 mm positions, suggesting no need for excessive distalization.
- Excessive correction leading to negative TPAs occurred in some cases, risking caudal cruciate ligament strain.
Veterinary Surgery
8
2024
A mismatch of planning and achieved tibial plateau angle in cranial closing wedge surgery: An in silico and clinical evaluation of 100 cases
2024-8-VS-banks-4
In Timmermans 2026 et al., on soft palate changes post-BOAS surgery, what was a proposed explanation for the lack of soft palate thinning 3 months after FFP?
🔍 Key Findings
- Soft palate length, volume, and cross-sectional area decreased significantly after both folded flap palatoplasty (FFP) and standard staphylectomy (STS).
- Middle thickness (MTH) of the soft palate decreased after STS but increased after FFP, indicating FFP may not thin the soft palate long-term.
- Rostral thickness (RTH) increased in both groups, suggesting regional variation in healing or remodeling.
- Clinical improvement (exercise tolerance) occurred in most dogs: 6/8 in FFP and 10/10 in STS group.
- One major complication in FFP group led to death despite revision surgery; another mortality occurred in STS group (likely due to severe laryngeal collapse).
- No difference in minor complication rates between FFP and STS groups.
- Histological remodeling or edema may explain lack of MTH reduction in FFP at 3 months.
- Immediate postoperative imaging may be needed to evaluate initial reduction effects of FFP.
Veterinary Surgery
1
2026
Evaluation of soft palate thickness in brachycephalic dogs 3 months after folded flap palatoplasty versus standard staphylectomy
2026-1-VS-timmermans-4
In Paul 2024 et al., on postoperative analgesia with BLIS vs fentanyl in amputation, what effect did BLIS have on postoperative sedation scores compared to fentanyl?
🔍 Key Findings
- BLIS (bupivacaine liposome injectable solution) provided equivalent analgesia to fentanyl CRI based on CMPS-SF scores at all time points except 6h, where BLIS was superior
- Fewer adverse effects (nausea, vomiting, sedation) were noted in the BLIS group
- BLIS dogs ate sooner postoperatively (median 6h vs 9h in control)
- Sedation occurred in 2/20 dogs in BLIS group vs 10/20 in fentanyl group
- Vomiting occurred in 0/20 BLIS dogs vs 4/20 in fentanyl group
- Rescue analgesia rates were similar (5 BLIS vs 4 fentanyl group), confirming noninferiority
- Owner-reported VAS scores were lower for BLIS on day 1 a.m. and p.m. despite variability
- Results suggest BLIS could reduce opioid reliance post-amputation
Veterinary Surgery
6
2024
Comparison of bupivacaine liposome injectable solution and fentanyl for postoperative analgesia in dogs undergoing limb amputation
2024-6-VS-paul-5
In Dobberstein 2022 et al., on NSAID ulcer repair, what was the most commonly used surgical closure technique for ulcer repair?
🔍 Key Findings
- Primary repair of NSAID-associated full-thickness gastroduodenal ulcers was successful in 73% (8/11) of cases.
- NSAID overdose, concurrent corticosteroid use, or extended duration were identified in 9/11 dogs and were major contributors to ulceration.
- All perforations were in the pylorus or proximal duodenum, locations suitable for primary closure.
- No significant association between ulcer size or location and postoperative survival.
- Preoperative hyperlactatemia trended toward increased mortality (P = .0544; OR 2.045).
- Postoperative vasopressor use was linked with a 9-fold increased risk of mortality (P = .0545).
- Dehiscence was rare, suspected in only 1 of 11 cases, indicating that primary repair is structurally sound in selected cases.
- Median follow-up of 444 days showed long-term survival was achievable post-primary repair.
Veterinary Surgery
7
2022
Primary repair of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug‐associated full thickness gastrointestinal ulcers in 11 dogs
2022-7-VS-dobberstein-4
In Isono 2025 et al., on tibial malalignment in MPL, which of the following was TRUE regarding the correlation findings?
🔍 Key Findings
- Proximal Tibia Metatarsal Angle (PTMTA) was significantly increased in dogs with grade 3 and 4 MPL, making it a useful marker for severity.
- PTMTA strongly correlated with Tibial Torsion Angle (TTA) (r = 0.733) and Crural Rotation Angle (CRA) (r = 0.643), integrating multiple morphological deformities.
- Grade 4 MPL cases showed significant internal tibial torsion, increased mMPTA, and decreased MDTT/PTW—indicating both rotation and medial displacement.
- DTMTA was significantly more negative in grade 4, indicating a consistent pattern of internal foot rotation with disease severity.
- PTMTA can be visually assessed during palpation, offering preoperative utility without CT.
- Among toy poodles, PTMTA showed significant differences even between grades 3 and normal, suggesting breed-specific severity patterns.
- Corrective osteotomy may need to address tibial as well as femoral deformities in severe MPL cases with high PTMTA.
- Younger dogs with grade 4 MPL had more severe deformities, possibly due to early onset or developmental progression.
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology
4
2025
Tibial Torsion Malalignment in Small Dogs with Medial Patellar Luxation
2025-4-VCOT-isono-5
Quiz Results
You answered 7 out of 10 questions correctly
Key Findings