Your Custom Quiz
In Butare-Smith 2022 et al., on cerclage knot biomechanics, which cerclage knot had the **highest initial tension** before testing?
🔍 Key Findings
- Double-loop cerclage resisted the highest peak load (805 N) and maintained tension longer than twist (488 N) and single-loop (397 N) configurations.
- Double-loop cerclage sustained 500,000 cycles at 60–80% of peak load in some cases without loosening, outperforming other types.
- Twist knots loosened rapidly, often within 10 cycles even at low loads (100–390 N).
- Single-loop knots performed better than twist, with partial resistance up to 100,000 cycles at 160 N, but showed wide variability.
- All loosening occurred before wire breakage, indicating clinical failure would happen from slack, not fracture.
- Double-loop cerclage had highest initial tension (323 N) compared to single-loop (124 N) and twist (69 N).
- Fatigue limit was not identified for twist, since they all loosened early at even 20% of peak load.
- Clinical recommendation: double-loop cerclage is best for resisting repeated subfailure loading, ideal for fissure prevention or fragment stabilization.
Veterinary Surgery
2
2022
Double-loop cerclage resists greater loads for more cycles than twist and single-loop cerclage
2022-2-VS-butare-smith-3
In Geier 2022 et al., on smoke evacuation in TPLO, which limitation of the smoke-evacuation pencil was reported by surgeons?
🔍 Key Findings
- Use of smoke evacuators reduced ultrafine particle concentrations by 56.4% during approach to the proximal tibia for TPLO in dogs.
- Mean intraoperative particle concentrations were significantly higher in surgeries without smoke evacuation (1352 ppc vs. 763 ppc, P < .0001).
- Maximum particle concentrations were six times higher without smoke evacuation (62,450 ppc vs. 10,100 ppc, P < .0001).
- Particle counts increased above baseline regardless of evacuator use, confirming electrosurgery contributes substantially to airborne particles.
- Surgeons noted reduced odor and health concerns when using the smoke evacuator, despite initial visibility limitations due to pencil attachment.
- Standard surgical masks do not protect against ultrafine particles, underscoring the importance of smoke mitigation systems.
- The smoke-evacuation unit did not eliminate all ultrafine particles, suggesting optimization (e.g., higher power setting) may be beneficial.
- This is the first clinical veterinary study to measure surgical smoke reduction using evacuators during TPLO.
Veterinary Surgery
5
2022
The effect of a smoke‐evacuation unit on ultrafine particle concentrations in the operating room during approach to the proximal tibia for tibial plateau-leveling osteotomy surgery in dogs
2022-5-VS-geier-4
In Spies 2024 et al., on EHPSS in large dogs, what survival rate at 5 years was observed in dogs who underwent surgical attenuation?
🔍 Key Findings
- 63 dogs ≥15 kg with single EHPSS were reviewed.
- Most common breeds: Golden Retriever (28.6%), mixed breed (20.6%).
- Most common shunt types: splenocaval (25.4%) and portocaval (25.4%).
- 45 dogs received surgical attenuation; 18 were medically managed.
- 6.7% (3/45) of surgically treated dogs died due to shunt-related complications; 22.2% (4/18) of medically managed dogs died.
- Hypoplastic portal vein was noted in 52.9% of dogs where portal anatomy was described.
- 37.5% of surviving attenuated dogs were weaned off all medical management.
- Attenuated dogs had higher 1-, 2-, and 5-year survival rates (89%, 77%, 77%) than nonattenuated dogs (82%, 49%, 24%).
Veterinary Surgery
2
2024
Clinical presentation and short‐term outcomes of dogs ≥15 kg with extrahepatic portosystemic shunts
2024-2-VS-spies-3
In Heald 2022 et al., on PED wound therapy, what antimicrobial mechanism is attributed to the electroceutical dressing?
🔍 Key Findings
- Electroceutical dressing (PED) promoted complete healing of chronic wounds in both a dog and a cat previously unresponsive to standard therapies.
- Infection clearance occurred in both animals by the end of PED therapy, as shown by negative culture results.
- In the dog, wound area reduced by ~4.2× over 10 days; healing completed by day 67 with no further antibiotic therapy.
- In the cat, wound area reduced by ~2.5× over 17 days; healing completed by day 47 without systemic antibiotics.
- PEDs function via direct current (DC) stimulation, believed to generate hypochlorous acid (HOCl) with antibacterial properties.
- No side effects or adverse tissue reactions were observed in either case, supporting biocompatibility.
- Multidrug-resistant organisms (e.g., S. pseudintermedius, S. canis, S. epidermidis) were eradicated by PED treatment.
- PED therapy may reduce reliance on antibiotics and surgery, offering a novel adjunct for chronic, infected wounds.
Veterinary Surgery
3
2022
Electroceutical treatment of infected chronic wounds in a dog and a cat
2022-3-VS-heald-1
In Bounds 2023 et al., on feline hip arthroscopy, which structure was consistently avoided during portal placement in all hips?
2023-8-VS-bounds-3
In Scheuermann 2024 et al., on 3D-printed reduction systems, how did the complication rates compare between groups?
🔍 Key Findings
- The study was a historic case-control trial comparing custom 3D-printed VSP-guided MIPO (3D-MIPO) to conventional MIPO (c-MIPO) in dogs with diaphyseal tibial fractures.
- Surgical time was significantly shorter in the 3D-MIPO group (117 min vs. 151 min; p = .014), and fluoroscopy use was dramatically reduced (11 vs. 37 images; p < .001).
- All 3D-MIPO reductions were acceptable or near-anatomic; 2 c-MIPO dogs had unacceptable reductions.
- Tibial length, frontal, and sagittal alignment post-op were similar between groups; no significant difference in anatomic restoration (p > .1).
- Radiographic union occurred in all dogs by 3 months. Time to union was similar between groups (3D-MIPO: 67 days vs. c-MIPO: 53 days; p = .207).
- Postoperative complication rate was higher in 3D-MIPO (27% vs. 14%), including 2 major infections requiring implant removal.
- 3D-MIPO required more pre-op time (~23 hours longer from presentation to surgery; p = .002), partly due to guide printing/sterilization.
- Improved surgical efficiency and more consistent reductions were noted in the 3D-MIPO group, supporting its clinical utility despite increased pre-op logistics.
Veterinary Surgery
6
2024
Virtual surgical planning and use of a 3D‐printed, patient‐specific reduction system for minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis of diaphyseal tibial fractures in dogs: A historic case control study
2024-6-VS-scheuermann2-5
In Bilmont 2025 et al., on cup version comparison, why is truncated face version considered a poor surrogate for open face version?
🔍 Key Findings
- Open face version was significantly greater than truncated face version by 14°–22° (p <.001).
- Open face version increased linearly with inclination and pelvic extension, while truncated face version remained largely stable.
- Truncated face version is an unreliable surrogate for open face version.
- Accurate interpretation of cup version should include both truncated face version and inclination.
- Canine 3D pelvic model and CT-based simulation used for all measurements.
Veterinary Surgery
1
2025
Assessment of BFX cup version in a three-dimensional model simulating the ventrodorsal radiographic view
2025-1-VS-bilmont-5
In Weisse 2026 et al., on HAVM treatment outcomes, which finding best indicates successful treatment intraoperatively?
🔍 Key Findings
- Surgical management significantly improves survival vs medical therapy, with MST ~1942d vs 567d (p = .028), supporting intervention over conservative care.
- DOV occlusion achieves superior initial occlusion rates (95% vs 56% for TAE; p = .007), making it more reliable for immediate flow cessation.
- TAE has significantly higher recurrence rates (53% vs 15% for DOV; p < .001), often requiring repeat procedures.
- Residual HAVM flow is more common after TAE (44% vs 5%), reflecting difficulty targeting the nidus via arterial routes.
- Overall survival time between TAE and DOV is not significantly different, but more DOV patients remain alive at follow-up (55% vs 11%; p = .003).
- Quality of life outcomes favor DOV, with 78% “excellent” vs 27% in TAE (p = .018).
- Multiple arterial supply sources (e.g., gastric, phrenic, intercostal arteries) complicate complete embolization and contribute to recurrence (Figure 6, page 17).
- Restoration of hepatopetal portal flow is a key success indicator, particularly after DOV occlusion (page 16 discussion).
Veterinary Surgery
3
2026
Procedural descriptions and survival times for hepatic arteriovenous malformations (HAVM) in animals receiving primarily conservative treatment, arterial embolization, or dominant outflow vein occlusion
2026-3-vs-weisse-3
In Scheuermann 2023 et al., on canine femoral MIPO, which reduction method resulted in significantly fewer intraoperative fluoroscopy images?
🔍 Key Findings
- Precontoured plates using 3D-printed femoral models achieved near-anatomic alignment in all cadaver limbs.
- Fracture reduction system (FRS) required significantly fewer fluoroscopy images than intramedullary pin (IMP) methods (7 vs 26, P = .001).
- Despite longer surgical time (43 vs 29 minutes, P = .011), FRS showed equally accurate or better alignment compared to IMP.
- Femoral length, frontal, sagittal, and axial alignment were all within near-anatomic thresholds (<10 mm or <5° deviation) in both groups.
- FRS was associated with more consistent length maintenance, with IMP showing a median shortening of 2.3 mm (P = .03).
- Axial plane deviation was statistically different in the FRS group (P = .04), but still clinically acceptable.
- Study highlights potential for custom 3D-printed guides to reduce radiation exposure and improve precision in MIPO procedures.
- Authors caution that FRS was time-consuming and cumbersome, suggesting design refinements needed for clinical use.
Veterinary Surgery
6
2023
Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis of femoral fractures with 3D‐printed bone models and custom surgical guides: A cadaveric study in dogs
2023-6-vs-scheuermann-1
In Kurogochi 2025 et al., on cardioplegia in mitral repair, how did the number of cardioplegia doses differ between groups?
🔍 Key Findings
- No significant difference in cardiac troponin I levels 12h post-op between mDN and St. Thomas cardioplegia groups (p = 0.478)
- Sinus rhythm returned faster in the mDN group after aortic cross-clamp removal (median 60s vs 362s, p = 0.027)
- Lower serum potassium at cross-clamp removal in the mDN group (median 4.5 mEq/L vs 5.4, p = 0.005)
- Fewer doses needed in the mDN group (median 2.5 vs 4.0, p = 0.040)
- Higher total crystalloid volume used in mDN group (23.6 vs 12.6 mL/kg, p < 0.001)
- No difference in survival (700-day survival 90% in both groups, p = 0.958)
- No difference in hospitalization duration (median 6 days for both, p = 0.789)
- Echocardiographic remodeling similar between groups at 24h post-op
Veterinary Surgery
7
2025
Saline‐based modified del Nido cardioplegia versus multidose St. Thomas cardioplegia in canine mitral valve repair: A randomized controlled trial
2025-7-VS-kurogochi-3
Quiz Results
You answered 7 out of 10 questions correctly
Key Findings