Your Custom Quiz
In Dalton 2023 et al., on acetabular fracture repair, what was the purpose of using mirrored 3D-printed hemipelves in the cadaveric and clinical cases?
🔍 Key Findings
- Minimally invasive repair of acetabular fractures using precontoured plates on 3D-printed models is feasible and technically reproducible in dogs.
- All cadavers had fracture gaps <2 mm and step defects <1 mm, indicating accurate reduction.
- Sciatic nerve injury was minimal or absent in all cases, supporting potential neuroprotection from indirect approaches.
- Pelvic angulation was maintained <5°, confirming preservation of alignment post-reduction.
- Surgical time averaged ~46 minutes in cadavers for both approaches and repair.
- Clinical case showed good radiographic healing by 8 weeks and full union by 3 months, with early weight-bearing post-op.
- Use of locking screws improved reduction fidelity, particularly across a broad plate span.
- 3D printing accelerated surgical planning, though its necessity remains debated due to the availability and cost concerns.
Veterinary Surgery
6
2023
Minimally invasive repair of acetabular fractures in dogs: Ex vivo feasibility study and case report
2023-6-VS-dalton-2
In Kang 2026 et al., on 3D-printed locking plates, which build orientation produced push-out strength comparable to the machined ARIX plate system?
🔍 Key Findings
- Directly 3D-printed locking plate holes can achieve mechanical performance comparable to machined plates when printed at optimal orientation (0°).
- All 3D-printed plates failed at 2.0 Nm insertion torque due to thread deformation, while machined ARIX plates tolerated this torque without failure.
- Build orientation significantly affected mechanical strength, with push-out strength ranking: ARIX > 3D-0° > 3D-45° > 3D-90°.
- Insertion torque was a major determinant of push-out strength, with 1.1 Nm (manufacturer-recommended torque) producing the highest strength.
- Low torque combined with screw angulation (15°) resulted in the lowest push-out strength, demonstrating reduced screw–plate engagement.
- Screw angulation alone did not significantly reduce strength when torque was adequate, likely due to the ARIX double-lead thread design allowing engagement up to 15°.
- Additive manufacturing produced threads with lower hardness compared with machined threads, explaining deformation at excessive torque.
- Integrated 3D-printed locking systems may enable patient-specific implants without post-machining, potentially improving implant conformity and surgical efficiency.
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology
2
2026
Feasibility of Integrating Locking Plate System into Additively Manufactured Implants: A Mechanical Comparison of Three-Dimensional-Printed and Machined Locking Hole Threads
2026-2-vcot-kang-1
In Takagi 2022 et al., on hepatic venous anatomy, which liver lobe consistently showed a single hepatic vein draining into the caudal vena cava or via the left hepatic vein?
🔍 Key Findings
- Hepatic venous drainage patterns vary widely across all lobes, especially the left lateral lobe.
- Right lateral lobe had a median of 2 vessels draining directly into the caudal vena cava (CVC); range: 1–4.
- Caudate process of caudate lobe had the most variability: 1–5 vessels draining into the CVC; 2 vessels was most common (54.5%).
- Left lateral lobe drained via 2–8 veins into the left hepatic vein (LHV), with 3 veins most common (31.2%).
- Left medial lobe typically had 1 vein draining into the LHV (61% of dogs).
- Papillary process drained into the LHV in 93.5% of cases; 6.5% drained directly to the CVC.
- Quadrate lobe always had 1 vessel draining either directly to the CVC or via the LHV.
- CTA revealed more variations than previously described in plastinated or cadaveric studies, highlighting its superior value in surgical planning.
Veterinary Surgery
4
2022
Computed angiographic variations in hepatic venous vasculature in dogs
2022-4-VS-takagi-1
In Foster 2026 et al., on right hepatic lobectomy, what was the overall perioperative mortality rate in the study population?
🔍 Key Findings
- Perioperative mortality rate was low (2.9%), with no intraoperative deaths reported.
- Intraoperative complications occurred in 54.3% of dogs, most commonly hemorrhage and cardiovascular events.
- 21% of dogs required blood transfusions, though transfusion was not associated with higher complication risk.
- Advanced hemodynamic support (fluid + cardiovascular) was significantly associated with short-term complications (OR 17.3, p = .029) and shorter survival.
- No surgical method (e.g., TA stapler, vessel sealing device, hilar resection) was associated with increased risk of complications.
- Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was the most common diagnosis (53%), with an MST of 741 days and 17.6% recurrence.
- Surgical margins (complete vs incomplete) were not associated with overall survival time in dogs with HCC.
- The use of preoperative CT and improved surgical instrumentation may have contributed to the lower observed mortality.
Veterinary Surgery
1
2026
Outcomes and prognostic variables associated with right divisional hepatic lobectomies in 70 dogs
2026-1-VS-foster-4
In Papacella-Beugger 2024 et al., what tool was essential for achieving low screw deviation?
🔍 Key Findings Summary
- Cadaveric study using 3 miniature breed dogs (6 hemipelves) to assess spinal neuronavigation accuracy for lumbar plate fixation
- 20 screws placed using CBCT-based navigation with real-time tracking
- 85% (17/20) of screws were safely and accurately placed
- Median deviation of screw entry points from plan: 1.8 mm
- All 3 misplaced screws occurred in a single cadaver, attributed to inexperienced drill handling
- Custom 3D-printed lightweight tracking array was necessary due to small spinous processes in miniature dogs
- No iatrogenic canal perforations or vertebral damage in any specimen
- Concludes neuronavigation offers precise, safe placement of spinal implants in small dogs, with minimal anatomic disruption
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopedics and Traumatology
6
2024
Spinal Neuronavigation for Lumbar Plate Fixation in Miniature Breed Dogs
2024-6-VCOT-papacella-beugger-4
In Papacella-Beugger 2024 et al., which anatomical limitation required a custom reference array?
🔍 Key Findings Summary
- Cadaveric study using 3 miniature breed dogs (6 hemipelves) to assess spinal neuronavigation accuracy for lumbar plate fixation
- 20 screws placed using CBCT-based navigation with real-time tracking
- 85% (17/20) of screws were safely and accurately placed
- Median deviation of screw entry points from plan: 1.8 mm
- All 3 misplaced screws occurred in a single cadaver, attributed to inexperienced drill handling
- Custom 3D-printed lightweight tracking array was necessary due to small spinous processes in miniature dogs
- No iatrogenic canal perforations or vertebral damage in any specimen
- Concludes neuronavigation offers precise, safe placement of spinal implants in small dogs, with minimal anatomic disruption
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopedics and Traumatology
6
2024
Spinal Neuronavigation for Lumbar Plate Fixation in Miniature Breed Dogs
2024-6-VCOT-papacella-beugger-5
In Rocheleau 2024 et al., on arthroscopic meniscal suturing, which group had the highest meniscal repair success rate?
🔍 Key Findings
- Arthroscopic meniscal suturing was performed in 43 client-owned dogs, involving 44 meniscal repairs (one dog was bilateral). All injuries involved the caudal horn of the medial meniscus and were associated with cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) disease.
- All dogs underwent simultaneous TPLO, with some also receiving an internal brace (IB). Most repairs used simple vertical mattress sutures.
- The overall complication rate was 34.1% (15/44). Most complications were attributed to the TPLO/TPLO+IB and did not compromise the meniscal repair outcome.
- No median time to “acceptable” or “full” function was reported, but most dogs showed improvement in lameness and LOAD scores (p < .001), indicating good to excellent outcomes.
- Meniscal repair success rate was 88% (38/44), with TPLO + IB outperforming TPLO-only (93.3% vs 71.4%). Follow-up was performed at 8 weeks (40 dogs) and 6 months (16 dogs).
- Six failures occurred, all managed with arthroscopic meniscectomy, leading to normal activity in those dogs. Two IB-associated failures led to CrCL instability.
- The authors concluded the technique was safe, practical, and effective, with a reasonable complication rate.
- The findings support arthroscopic suturing as a feasible alternative to meniscectomy or meniscal release, offering long-term benefits for preserving the meniscus.
Veterinary Surgery
5
2024
Short‐term outcomes of 43 dogs treated with arthroscopic suturing for meniscal tears
2024-5-VS-rocheleau-3
In Lhuillery 2022 et al., on GDV stabilization timing, what was the observed difference in survival between immediate and delayed surgical groups?
🔍 Key Findings
- Survival rates did not differ between immediate (90 min) and delayed (≥5 h) surgical stabilization groups at discharge or 1-month post-op (approx. 80% survival in both).
- Hyperlactatemia at 24 hours post-fluid therapy was significantly associated with in-hospital and 1-month mortality (P = .01 and P = .02).
- Persistent tachycardia during hospitalization was linked to increased 1-month mortality (P = .015).
- Partial gastrectomy was required in ~6–10% of cases, with high associated mortality.
- Preoperative stabilization protocols (trocarization, nasogastric tube) allowed safe surgical delays up to 13.7 hours without impacting survival.
- Degree of gastric torsion differed between groups; more 0° torsions in delayed cases, potentially due to decompression-induced derotation.
- No difference in post-op complications such as arrhythmias, hypotension, or AKI between groups.
- More intra-anesthetic deaths occurred in immediate surgery group, highlighting importance of adequate pre-op stabilization.
Veterinary Surgery
5
2022
Outcomes of dogs undergoing surgery for gastric dilatation volvulus after rapid versus prolonged medical stabilization
2022-5-VS-lhuillery-1
In Latifi 2024 et al., on fascial mapping in the canine hindlimb, which fascial structure was most suitable as a consistent surgical deep margin in the lateral thigh?
🔍 Key Findings
- This anatomical study mapped fascial planes of the canine hindlimb and pelvis to aid superficial tumor resection.
- Type I fascia (discrete sheets) was suitable for deep margins in fascia lata, lateral crus, and gluteal regions.
- Areas with poor or absent fascia included the ischiorectal fossa, femoral triangle, stifle extensor mechanism, and pes.
- Type IV fascia associated with periosteum (e.g., patella, tibial tuberosity) required partial ostectomy for inclusion in surgical margins.
- Nerves at risk during deep dissection included obturator, superficial peroneal, and tibial nerves, particularly in regions with weak fascia.
- In males, bulbospongiosus muscle could act as a fascial plane but dissection was challenging and potentially hemorrhagic.
- In females, constrictor vulvae/vestibulae muscles were tightly associated with mucosa, limiting clean resection options.
- Distal hindlimb resections often lacked a usable fascial plane, suggesting that amputation or adjuvant therapy may be more appropriate.
Veterinary Surgery
3
2024
Fascial plane mapping for superficial tumor resection in dogs: Part III – Hindlimb and pelvis
2024-3-VS-latifi-4
In Miyagi 2025 et al., on endoscopic laser sphincterotomy, what was the mean length of the intramural common bile duct (ICBD) identified in dogs?
🔍 Key Findings
- Endoscopic-assisted retrograde catheterization (EARC) and laser sphincterotomy were successful in 18/18 cadavers, demonstrating technical feasibility.
- Intramural common bile duct (ICBD) length ranged from 10 to 21 mm (mean 15.8 mm), with no correlation to body weight (r = 0.06, p = .79).
- Transition from ICBD to extramural duct was accurately identified endoscopically in 88% (16/18); transition was heralded by separation of the submucosal layer.
- Partial lateral perforations occurred in 2/18 dogs, only during early learning phase; no leakage was found on open dissection.
- Laser sphincterotomy preserved the pancreatic duct orifice, aided by protective catheter positioning.
- Compared to open duodenotomy, this technique allows for a smaller incision and less manipulation of the pancreas, which may reduce morbidity.
- No adverse events such as intra-abdominal saline egress or full-thickness perforation occurred, and the technique allowed safe access up to 10 mm from the MDP.
- Cadaveric limitations included absence of biliary pathology and inability to evaluate live complications, but the technique shows promise for future live animal trials.
Veterinary Surgery
5
2025
Endoscopic‐assisted laser sphincterotomy of the intramural common bile duct: A cadaveric pilot study
2025-5-VS-miyagi-2
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Key Findings