Your Custom Quiz
In Davies 2024 et al., on lymphaticovenous anastomosis, what was the main technical issue encountered during pinning to the MAC?
🔍 Key Findings
- Lymphaticovenous anastomosis (TD to AV) was successfully performed in all 8 feline cadavers using a microvascular anastomotic coupler (MAC).
- Anastomotic patency was confirmed intraoperatively and postoperatively in 7/8 cats via contrast lymphography or retrograde venography.
- Dissection and anastomosis took a median of 120 minutes, with minimal technical complications.
- A 1.5 mm MAC was used in 6 cats, and a 2.0 mm in 2 cats; TD diameter ranged 1.0–1.5 mm, AV up to 2.25 mm.
- Challenges included vessel twisting and luminal patency issues, resolved intraoperatively with minor adjustments (e.g., repeat pinning, tacking suture).
- MAC use eliminated need for hand-suturing, lowering skill demands but requiring precise alignment.
- Technique provides direct lymphatic-to-venous drainage, potentially reducing the stimulus for collateral vessel formation.
- May serve as a future treatment option for feline idiopathic chylothorax, warranting further in vivo studies.
Veterinary Surgery
7
2024
Lymphaticovenous anastomosis of the caudal thoracic duct to the azygous vein: A feline cadaver study
2024-7-VS-davies-2
In Jones 2024 et al., on surgical technique mortality, which technique was associated with the highest perioperative mortality?
🔍 Key Findings
- Study compared 606 dogs (English Bulldogs, French Bulldogs, Pugs) undergoing partial staphylectomy via CO₂ laser, bipolar vessel sealing device (BVSD), or conventional incision.
- Mortality rate: 4.0% (24/606).
- BVSD was associated with significantly increased perioperative mortality compared to other methods (OR = 6.0, 95% CI: 1.3–28.4, p = .023).
- High-grade laryngeal collapse (stage II or III) independently increased mortality risk (OR = 4.6, 95% CI: 1.8–11.8, p = .002).
- No difference in mortality between CO₂ laser and conventional incision techniques.
- CO₂ laser and conventional techniques had similar complication rates.
Veterinary Surgery
1
2024
Comparison of mortality of brachycephalic dogs undergoing partial staphylectomy using conventional incisional, carbon dioxide laser, or bipolar vessel sealing device
2024-1-VS-jones-1
In Chik 2025 et al., on abdominal wall prestretching, what was the effect of prestretching on the need for increased insufflation or conversion to open surgery?
🔍 Key Findings
- Prestretching (PS) at 10 mmHg for 3 minutes significantly increased working space at 6 mmHg IAP — IWL +4.4%, IWS +6.9%.
- PS provided ≈63% of the IWL and ≈66% of the IWS gains achieved with sustained 10 mmHg IAP.
- All laparoscopic procedures were completed at 6 mmHg after PS; no conversions or pressure increases were needed.
- Working space benefits persisted throughout surgery — end-of-procedure measurements were unchanged from post-PS baseline.
- Transverse expansion (RLAT/LLAT) was greater than sagittal (CRA/CAU), consistent with adult abdominal wall compliance.
- No adverse anesthetic events occurred; mild complications (e.g., gas leakage) were easily managed.
- Large breed dogs were overrepresented, but all dogs served as their own controls, normalizing size effects.
- Prestretching is a simple, effective technique to maximize working space without increasing insufflation pressure.
Veterinary Surgery
5
2025
Prestretching increases working space at the same insufflation pressure in dogs undergoing laparoscopic procedures
2025-5-VS-chik-4
In Kikuchi 2025 et al., on arthroscopic MMI in toy breeds, which variable was **not** part of the final regression model predicting MMI?
🔍 Key Findings
- Medial meniscus injury (MMI) occurred in 36.3% of stifles with CrCLR in toy breed dogs (<5 kg)
- Complete CrCLR was significantly associated with MMI (15.3% of complete vs. 3.4% of partial)
- Severe lameness (grade 3) increased the likelihood of MMI compared to mild lameness (grade 1)
- Higher body weight, even within the toy breed range, was positively associated with MMI
- Yorkshire Terriers had the highest MMI incidence (55.6%), but this was not a significant independent factor due to multicollinearity
- Arthroscopy identified more meniscal damage (including small radial tears and bucket-handle lesions) than gross examination might detect
- MMI was classified as mild (radial tear) or severe (bucket-handle or flap) with implications for partial meniscectomy
- Arthroscopy was used in all cases, underscoring its utility in small-breed stifle assessment
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology
5
2025
Incidence of Medial Meniscus Injury Detected by Arthroscopy in Toy Breed Dogs
2025-5-VCOT-kikuchi-4
In Turner 2025 et al., on TPA changes after SH-1/2 fracture repair, what surgical feature may contribute to the dynamic reduction in TPA over time?
🔍 Key Findings
- TPA decreased significantly from preoperative to follow-up (mean 5.89°; p < 0.001), and from immediate postoperative to follow-up (mean 2.2°; p = 0.018)
- Use of tension band in addition to K-wires did not significantly improve TPA reduction compared to K-wires alone
- Cranial K-wire positioning may attenuate growth at the cranial tibial physis, allowing relative caudal growth to reduce TPA over time
- Dynamic TPA reduction may reduce risk of cranial cruciate ligament rupture even when initial TPA is high
- Small breeds (e.g., French Bulldogs) were overrepresented; further research is needed in larger breeds with more growth potential
- Surgical reduction is difficult, but perfect alignment may not be essential if TPA reduces postoperatively
- Radiographic TPA measurement was reliably performed with low interobserver variability
- K-wire removal at 3–8 weeks may facilitate continued growth in growing dogs
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology
5
2025
Tibial Plateau Angle Changes following Repair of Salter–Harris Type 1 and 2 Fractures in Dogs
2025-5-VCOT-turner-3
In Johnson 2022 et al., on PET implant outcomes, what fixation method was used for securing the implant to bone?
🔍 Key Findings
- Only 2 of 10 PET implants were fully intact and functional at 6 months post-op.
- Owner-reported function (LOAD scores) improved by 51.7% (p = .008) over 6 months.
- Gait asymmetry improved by 86% (p = .002) postoperatively.
- Implant failure occurred in the midbody of the PET device, suggesting fatigue as a failure mechanism.
- One dog (10%) developed implant infection, necessitating implant removal.
- Implant fixation method (screws + washers + interference screw) was mechanically adequate and technically simple.
- Partially intact implants (4/10) still showed improved clinical outcomes, despite structural compromise.
- Midbody tearing and lack of long-term integrity prohibit continued use of this PET implant in CCL repair.
Veterinary Surgery
8
2022
Outcome of cranial cruciate ligament replacement with an enhanced polyethylene terephthalate implant in the dog: A pilot clinical trial
2022-8-VS-johnson-5
In Zann 2023 et al., on proximal humeral OC surgery, what difference was found in shoulder extension in unilaterally affected dogs?
🔍 Key Findings
- All dogs developed progressive osteoarthritis (OA) after surgical debridement of proximal humeral OC.
- Ipsilateral muscle atrophy and reduced shoulder range of motion were common, particularly in unilaterally affected dogs.
- Arthroscopically, lesions showed incomplete cartilage infilling even years after surgery, averaging only ~37% infilling.
- Synovitis was present in all joints, with moderate-to-severe hypertrophy and vascularity scores.
- CT identified OC lesions as deeper and wider than radiography, and all affected joints had more advanced OA than contralateral limbs (P = .001 radiograph, P = .005 CT).
- Kinetic gait analysis showed no significant differences in peak vertical force or impulse, but a subtle 4.4% asymmetric load reduction on the operated limb.
- Median LOAD score was 6, indicating mild owner-perceived disability despite measurable clinical and imaging abnormalities.
- Cartilage infilling was incomplete in all cases, with no lesion exceeding 60% restoration, raising questions about the healing potential of debridement alone.
Veterinary Surgery
6
2023
Long-term outcome of dogs treated by surgical debridement of proximal humeral osteochondrosis
2023-6-VS-zann-3
In González Montaño 2023 et al., on traumatic pulmonary pseudocysts (TPP), which imaging modality identified TPPs in all cases?
🔍 Key Findings
- Traumatic pulmonary pseudocysts (TPP) were diagnosed in 11 patients (9 dogs, 2 cats) using CT after blunt trauma.
- TPPs were identified on radiographs in 64% of cases that were CT-confirmed, highlighting the superior sensitivity of CT.
- Most cases (7/10) were managed conservatively, with complete recovery and no TPP-related mortality.
- Thoracic surgery (lung lobectomy) was performed in 3 dogs, due to persistent pneumothorax or large TPP with perceived risk of complications.
- All pneumothorax cases were managed with thoracostomy tubes, and chest drains were used in 73% of cases.
- Pneumothorax was present in 100% of patients, often bilateral, and pulmonary contusions were reported in 73%.
- One cat was euthanized due to unrelated maxillofacial trauma; no deaths were attributed to TPP itself.
- Long-term follow-up (median 768 days) revealed only 1 case with possible TPP-related pneumonia; others had no complications.
Veterinary Surgery
4
2023
Traumatic pulmonary pseudocysts in nine dogs and two cats
2023-4-VS-gonzalezmontano-1
In David 2024 et al., on single-port cryptorchidectomy, what was the median surgical time for unilateral abdominal cryptorchidectomy?
🔍 Key Findings
- Single-port laparoscopic-assisted cryptorchidectomy (SP-LAC) was feasible in 13/14 dogs with abdominal cryptorchidism.
- Median surgical time was 17 min for unilateral and 27 min for bilateral cryptorchidectomy.
- All testes were successfully exteriorized through a 15-mm mini-celiotomy in most dogs; only 2 needed slight enlargement.
- One major complication occurred (testicular artery hemorrhage, requiring conversion to open surgery).
- Two minor complications involved trocar-related issues (splenic capsule laceration, capnoretroperitoneum).
- No incisional complications were reported postoperatively; some dogs had mild dermatitis at the clipped site.
- The technique requires only one surgeon and no advanced tools beyond a single-port endoscope.
- Low-pressure capnoperitoneum (6 mmHg) was adequate for visualization in most cases.
Veterinary Surgery
3
2024
Single-port laparoscopic-assisted abdominal cryptorchidectomy in 14 dogs
2024-3-VS-david-1
In Kalmukov 2022 et al., on cell salvage efficacy, what was the mean percentage of red blood cell mass (rbcM) recovered using direct suction?
🔍 Key Findings
- Direct suction salvaged more red blood cell mass (rbcM) than swab washing: 88.43% vs 84.74% (p = .015)
- Swab washing still achieved high recovery (84.74%), making it a viable adjunct when suction is not possible
- No significant difference in post-salvage PCV between methods (~34% for Su and ~33.9% for Sw)
- Total salvaged blood volume was significantly higher using direct suction (143 mL vs 139.8 mL; p < .001)
- Leukocytes are removed during salvage, potentially lowering risk of cytokine-mediated transfusion reactions
- Expired pRBCs were used, but device still achieved high RBC recovery, supporting clinical utility
- Swab washing via manual agitation may cause more RBC destruction than direct suction
- Cell salvage may avoid complications of allogeneic transfusions, like storage lesions and immunologic reactions
Veterinary Surgery
8
2022
Ex vivo evaluation of a novel cell salvage device to recover canine erythrocytes
2022-8-VS-kalmukov-1
Quiz Results
You answered 7 out of 10 questions correctly
Key Findings