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In Azuma 2024 et al., on 3D vs 2D laparoscopy, how did the total surgical times compare between 2D and 3D laparoscopic groups?
🔍 Key Findings
- 3D laparoscopy significantly reduced time to first endoclip placement compared to 2D (median 76 vs. 238 seconds, p = .016).
- Total surgical time was not significantly different between 3D and 2D groups.
- No differences were observed in intraoperative complications such as cystic duct injury, clip dislodgment, or gallbladder perforation.
- Cystic duct stump length was comparable between groups (median 2.5 mm).
- Liver parenchyma attachment severity did not differ significantly between 2D and 3D groups.
- All procedures were performed by an experienced surgeon, potentially reducing the benefit seen with 3D visualization.
- No conversions to open surgery occurred, and no intraoperative complications were reported.
- The study suggests 3D laparoscopy may aid less experienced surgeons due to enhanced depth perception.
Veterinary Surgery
4
2024
Three-dimensional versus two-dimensional laparoscopy for cholecystectomy in a canine cadaveric study
2024-4-VS-azuma-2
In Nicolas 2024 et al., what was a key advantage of the lateral scapular osteotomy approach versus dorsal or ventral routes?
🔍 Key Findings Summary
- The lateral approach via scapular osteotomy allowed safe access to the T1-2 foramen in a French Bulldog with foraminal disc extrusion.
- A mini-hemilaminectomy was performed, preserving articular facets.
- The dog had no neurologic deficits postoperatively, returned to ambulation within 24 hours, and was discharged in 3 days.
- At 10 months, CT confirmed excellent scapular healing and no recurrence.
- Double 2.4-mm locking plates provided stable fixation across the scapular spine.
- The technique avoided thoracic entry or dorsal spine dissection, suggesting a less invasive alternative for select T1-2 foraminal cases.
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopedics and Traumatology
2
2024
Scapular Osteotomy for Lateral Access to a T1-2 Foraminal Disc Extrusion, Treated by Mini-Hemilaminectomy in a Dog
2024-2-VCOT-nicolas-4
In Dobberstein 2024 et al., on liver biopsy forceps, which biopsy technique caused the most tissue crush artifact?
🔍 Key Findings Summary
- Subjects: 12 healthy colony cats, 68 total liver samples collected via laparoscopy
- Biopsy instruments: 3 mm vs 5 mm Storz Blakesley cup forceps
- Techniques: Twist (T), Pull (P), Twist + Pull (TP)
- Results:
- 5 mm forceps yielded significantly more hepatic lobules (mean 12.4 vs 4.9), portal triads (29.6 vs 19.0), weight, and histologic area (p < .01)
- T and P techniques yielded more portal triads and lobules than TP (p = .003 and p = .015)
- TP technique resulted in greater tissue crush vs T (p = .01)
- Good diagnostic agreement between 3 mm and 5 mm samples only with TP (κ = 0.75)
- All samples were of sufficient diagnostic quality, despite size or technique
- Clinical implication: Both 3 mm and 5 mm forceps are viable; further studies are needed to confirm diagnostic accuracy of 3 mm samples
Veterinary Surgery
2
2024
Comparison of the diagnostic yield of 3 and 5 mm laparoscopic liver biopsy forceps in cats
2024-2-VS-dobberstein-1
In Paulick 2022 et al., on feline ilial plating, which implant system demonstrated the **lowest bending stiffness** under cyclic loading?
🔍 Key Findings
- Locking plates (except ALPS-5) withstood significantly more cycles before failure than nonlocking DCP constructs.
- ALPS-6.5, LCP, and FIXIN plates endured higher loads and resisted displacement better than DCP and ALPS-5.
- ALPS-5 plates showed lower bending stiffness than all other constructs (P < .05).
- DCP constructs failed due to screw loosening, seen in all specimens.
- Locking constructs failed by bone slicing, affecting 100% of specimens.
- Catastrophic implant failure (fracture or plastic deformation) occurred only in ALPS-5 group.
- Plate size and screw-plate interface both influence resistance to cyclic loading in feline ilial fracture repair.
- Locking plates are preferable for reducing screw pullout, but plate strength (e.g., cross-section) must match loading forces.
Veterinary Surgery
1
2022
Ex vivo comparison of lateral plate repairs of experimental oblique ilial fractures in cats
2022-1-VS-paulick-1
In Azuma 2024 et al., on 3D vs 2D laparoscopy, which surgical step showed significantly reduced time using 3D visualization?
🔍 Key Findings
- 3D laparoscopy significantly reduced time to first endoclip placement compared to 2D (median 76 vs. 238 seconds, p = .016).
- Total surgical time was not significantly different between 3D and 2D groups.
- No differences were observed in intraoperative complications such as cystic duct injury, clip dislodgment, or gallbladder perforation.
- Cystic duct stump length was comparable between groups (median 2.5 mm).
- Liver parenchyma attachment severity did not differ significantly between 2D and 3D groups.
- All procedures were performed by an experienced surgeon, potentially reducing the benefit seen with 3D visualization.
- No conversions to open surgery occurred, and no intraoperative complications were reported.
- The study suggests 3D laparoscopy may aid less experienced surgeons due to enhanced depth perception.
Veterinary Surgery
4
2024
Three-dimensional versus two-dimensional laparoscopy for cholecystectomy in a canine cadaveric study
2024-4-VS-azuma-1
In Farrell 2022 et al., on checklist reliability in OVH simulation, what was the main benefit of using digital recordings for student performance assessment?
🔍 Key Findings
- 39 of 40 checklist items for simulated OVH surgical assessment had good content validity (CVI = 0.81)
- Only 1 of 6 items from the OSATS GRS (respect for tissue) met inclusion criteria (CVI = 0.80)
- Checklist showed strong reliability (G-coefficient = 0.85) for moderate-stakes exams
- Modified OSATS GRS showed acceptable reliability (G-coefficient = 0.79)
- Two raters needed for acceptable reliability in high-stakes exams when using the checklist
- Minimal interrater bias found; variance largely due to interaction among student, rater, and item
- Digital recordings were a reliable method of evaluating surgical performance
- Study supports using checklist over OSATS GRS for assessing preclinical students on simulated models
Veterinary Surgery
5
2022
Evaluating validity evidence for 2 instruments developed to assess students' surgical skills in a simulated environment
2022-5-VS-farrell-5
In Dalton 2023 et al., In Minimally invasive acetabular fracture repair in dogs, what reduction quality was reported in cadaveric cases?
🔍 Key Findings
- Feasibility study in 5 canine cadavers plus 1 clinical case (Chihuahua, 5.5 kg).
- Technique used two small approaches (caudal and craniolateral) connected with an epiperiosteal tunnel.
- Plates were precontoured on mirrored 3D-printed hemipelves to improve fit and reduce intraoperative bending.
- Cadaver outcomes: fracture gap <2 mm, step defect <1 mm, pelvic angulation <5°.
- Sciatic nerve injury was minimal: 1/5 cadavers had a mild indentation; others had no gross injury.
- Median total surgical time: ~46 minutes in cadavers; incisions ~5 cm.
- Clinical Chihuahua case: weight-bearing within 24 hrs, radiographic union at 3 months; one screw fractured but no adverse effect.
- Authors conclude: MIAF with 3D printing is feasible and accurate, but requires further evaluation before routine use.
Veterinary Surgery
7
2023
Minimally invasive repair of acetabular fractures in dogs: Ex vivo feasibility study and case report
2023-7-VS-dalton-4
In Petazzoni 2022 et al., on DPO in older dogs, what was the most significant improvement in radiographic hip assessment 1 year after surgery?
🔍 Key Findings
- DPO improved joint congruity and clinical signs in dogs ≥10 months old with minimal osteoarthritis.
- Median Norberg angle increased by 21.8% 1 year postoperatively (from 87° to 106°; p < .01).
- Femoral head coverage increased significantly, with PC rising 66.7% and LHC by 162.5% at 1 year (p < .01).
- No significant change in pelvic canal width postoperatively, suggesting pelvic conformation was preserved.
- All ilial osteotomies healed with complete osseous bridging by 8 weeks; 7/11 pubic osteotomies achieved full healing.
- No intraoperative or postoperative complications were reported, including implant failure.
- Locking plates and additional ventral plating were used in select cases and may have contributed to implant stability.
- DPO may be extended to older dogs with suitable hip morphology and minimal OA, expanding traditional age criteria.
Veterinary Surgery
2
2022
Clinical outcomes of double pelvic osteotomies in eight dogs with hip dysplasia aged 10–28 months
2022-2-VS-petazzoni-1
In Sisk 2024 et al., what is a theoretical advantage of expandable intramedullary nails?
🔍 Key Findings Summary
- IMN provides relative stability, resists bending/torsion due to central axis alignment
- Larger diameter nails = exponentially greater stiffness (∝ D⁴)
- Trade-off: Larger interlocking holes weaken fatigue strength of the nail
- Reaming increases contact/stability but has pros/cons:
- Improves outcomes in closed fractures
- May reduce endosteal blood flow in thin-walled bones (e.g., cats)
- Design advances:
- Angle-stable IMN reduce rotational slack
- Expandable nails simplify insertion but may compromise removal or compressive load resistance
- Precontoured nails match bone curvature but lack consistent clinical superiority
- Material debates continue (e.g., titanium vs. stainless steel vs. magnesium)
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopedics and Traumatology
6
2024
Biomechanical Principles of Intramedullary Nails in Veterinary and Human Medicine
2024-6-VCOT-sisk-3
In Azuma 2024 et al., on 3D vs 2D laparoscopy, which group might benefit most from 3D laparoscopy based on the study’s discussion?
🔍 Key Findings
- 3D laparoscopy significantly reduced time to first endoclip placement compared to 2D (median 76 vs. 238 seconds, p = .016).
- Total surgical time was not significantly different between 3D and 2D groups.
- No differences were observed in intraoperative complications such as cystic duct injury, clip dislodgment, or gallbladder perforation.
- Cystic duct stump length was comparable between groups (median 2.5 mm).
- Liver parenchyma attachment severity did not differ significantly between 2D and 3D groups.
- All procedures were performed by an experienced surgeon, potentially reducing the benefit seen with 3D visualization.
- No conversions to open surgery occurred, and no intraoperative complications were reported.
- The study suggests 3D laparoscopy may aid less experienced surgeons due to enhanced depth perception.
Veterinary Surgery
4
2024
Three-dimensional versus two-dimensional laparoscopy for cholecystectomy in a canine cadaveric study
2024-4-VS-azuma-5
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