Your Custom Quiz
In Eskelinen 2025 et al., on Plate–Pin fixation for MPL, what suggestion was made to reduce future complications?
🔍 Key Findings
- Plate–Pin TTT fixation resolved MPL in 64/65 stifles with low recurrence (1.5%) and good lameness outcomes postoperatively.
- Complication rate was 21.5% (14/65 stifles), mostly minor (57%); major issues included pin migration, fracture, or capsular failure.
- Pin-related issues accounted for 8 of 20 total complications, highlighting implant refinement is needed.
- No avulsions, TT fixation failures, or luxation recurrence occurred in cases where surgical technique was followed precisely.
- Surgical deviations increased complication risk 11.3× (p < 0.05), suggesting adherence to protocol is critical.
- Single-session bilateral MPL surgery had comparable complication rate (3/20) to unilateral surgery (11/45).
- Screw breakage occurred in 3 cases, suggesting at least 3 screws may be needed for secure TT fixation.
- Authors suggest temporary pin fixation and later removal may reduce complications, though prospective studies are needed.
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology
4
2025
Outcome and Complications Following Medial Patellar Luxation Corrective Surgery with Tibial Tuberosity Transposition Using a Locking Plate and a Pin Fixation: 45 Unilateral and 20 Single-Session Bilateral Procedures
2025-4-VCOT-eskelinen-4
In Payne 2024 et al., on HIF propagation pattern, which finding was significantly associated with higher %HIF?
🔍 Key Findings Summary
- HIF typically originates 57° caudal to the supratrochlear foramen and propagates cranially in a segmental pattern.
- %HIF correlated significantly with both fissure depth and length:
- %DHIF increased linearly (r = 0.989, p < 0.001)
- %LHIF followed a sigmoidal relationship with %HIF (p < 0.001)
- Higher %HIF was significantly associated with:
- Clinical lameness (p = 0.004)
- Distal shift in the fissure center (CHIF)
- Implant complications in 5/17 elbows treated with transcondylar screws
- Isthmus diameter increased with weight (p = 0.002), relevant for screw sizing
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopedics and Traumatology
2
2024
Computed Tomography Topographical Analysis of Incomplete Humeral Intracondylar Fissures in English Springer Spaniel Dogs
2024-2-VCOT-payne-4
In Socha 2024 et al., which ligament had the **lowest** T2* short component (T2*S) value?
🔍 Key Findings Summary
- Normative ultrashort echo time (UTE) MRI T2* values were established for:
- Patellar ligament (PL): T2*L = 4.65 ms
- Cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL): T2*L = 5.99 ms
- Caudal cruciate ligament (CdCL): T2*L = 7.06 ms
- Statistically significant differences in T2*L values were found between:
- PL vs. CrCL (p = 0.03)
- PL vs. CdCL (p = 0.0097)
- CrCL vs. CdCL (p = 0.03)
- No significant differences in short T2* (T2*S) values across ligaments.
- Study highlights potential of UTE MRI to detect early ligament changes even without physical instability.
- May guide early diagnosis in partial CrCL rupture where standard MRI is limited.
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopedics and Traumatology
2
2024
Ultrashort Echo Time Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Cruciate Ligaments in Normal Beagles
2024-2-VCOT-socha-4
In Socha 2024 et al., what is a clinical implication of UTE MRI for stifle evaluation in dogs?
🔍 Key Findings Summary
- Normative ultrashort echo time (UTE) MRI T2* values were established for:
- Patellar ligament (PL): T2*L = 4.65 ms
- Cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL): T2*L = 5.99 ms
- Caudal cruciate ligament (CdCL): T2*L = 7.06 ms
- Statistically significant differences in T2*L values were found between:
- PL vs. CrCL (p = 0.03)
- PL vs. CdCL (p = 0.0097)
- CrCL vs. CdCL (p = 0.03)
- No significant differences in short T2* (T2*S) values across ligaments.
- Study highlights potential of UTE MRI to detect early ligament changes even without physical instability.
- May guide early diagnosis in partial CrCL rupture where standard MRI is limited.
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopedics and Traumatology
2
2024
Ultrashort Echo Time Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Cruciate Ligaments in Normal Beagles
2024-2-VCOT-socha-5
In Perry 2025 et al., on I-Loc fracture fixation, which factor most increased the risk of surgical site infection and implant removal?
🔍 Key Findings
- High union rate with low complications was achieved using the I-Loc angle-stable interlocking nail across 243 canine long-bone fractures.
- Mean time to clinical union was 8.3 weeks, faster than many historical plate-rod or non-angle-stable nail reports.
- Major complications occurred in only 5.3% and minor complications in 9.1% of cases.
- Most fractures were diaphyseal (75%) and comminuted (62%), demonstrating effectiveness in complex fracture patterns.
- Ancillary implants were uncommon (21%), mainly used in epi-/metaphyseal fractures or for anatomic reconstruction.
- Postoperative missed bolt rate was very low (0.94%), reflecting improved targeting accuracy.
- Open fractures carried a substantially higher risk of SSI and implant removal compared with closed fractures.
- Prebending of tibial nails was strongly recommended to follow natural recurvatum and avoid iatrogenic alignment errors.
Veterinary Surgery
8
2025
Outcomes of 243 dogs with traumatic fractures treated with the I-Loc interlocking nail
2025-8-VS-perry-4
In Larose 2024 et al., on laparoscopic liver biopsies in dogs, what was the key clinical implication of using a 3 mm CBF in small dogs for liver biopsy?
🔍 Key Findings
- Histologic agreement between 3 mm and 5 mm biopsies was 90%, with a Gwet's AC1 of 0.81 (p < .0001).
- 5 mm biopsies yielded significantly more portal triads and lobules than 3 mm samples (p = .0003 and p < .0001).
- Crush artifacts were significantly higher in 3 mm samples (p = .035), though fragmentation scores were similar (p = .935).
- Both forceps produced adequate samples for histopathology, copper quantification, and bacterial culture.
- No hemorrhage requiring intervention occurred, and both sizes were deemed safe and minimally invasive.
- Surface area ≥40 mm² strongly predicted ≥11 portal triads, a desirable threshold for reliable histopathology.
- Use of 3 mm instruments was easier in small dogs (<12 kg), but more challenging in larger dogs due to shaft length.
- Clinical diagnoses were unaffected by forceps size, even in the one discordant histologic pair.
Veterinary Surgery
4
2024
Comparing 3 mm and 5 mm laparoscopic liver biopsy samples in dogs
2024-4-VS-larose1-4
In Kuvaldina 2023 et al., on endoscopic axillary lymphadenectomy, what was the typical surgical time for axillary node removal in cadavers?
🔍 Key Findings
- Endoscopic excisional biopsy of axillary lymph nodes was successfully performed in cadavers and clinical dogs with minimal complications.
- The technique used a SILS port and CO₂ insufflation through a small incision between the latissimus dorsi and superficial pectorals.
- In 4 cadavers (6 limbs), mean time to remove axillary nodes was 33 minutes, and single nodes were found in 5/6 limbs.
- In 3 clinical dogs, the procedure was successful in 2 cases; 1 required conversion to open surgery due to difficulty manipulating the node.
- Accessory axillary nodes were successfully excised when present, located adherent to deep latissimus dorsi.
- No cases developed lymphedema, pneumothorax, or major complications postoperatively.
- Subjective benefits included better visualization, reduced dissection, and less postoperative morbidity than open techniques.
- Study suggests MIS lymphadenectomy may improve staging accuracy and reduce complications, though larger studies are needed.
Veterinary Surgery
6
2023
Development of a minimally invasive endoscopic technique for excisional biopsy of the axillary lymph nodes in dogs
2023-6-vs-kuvaldina-5
In Lin 2025 et al., on surgical approaches to the radius, which benefit did CLA offer over CMA regarding ulna fracture fixation?
🔍 Key Findings
- Craniolateral approach (CLA) exposed significantly more radial surface area than craniomedial approach (CMA) (19.4 cm² vs. 13.8 cm²; p = 0.01).
- Proximal width of exposure was greater in CLA, especially at 12.5% length (P2 level, p = 0.016), aiding plate placement.
- No significant difference in exposed bone length between approaches.
- CLA avoided major neurovascular structures, making dissection cleaner and safer proximally.
- CMA consistently encountered median nerve/artery/vein, complicating proximal exposure.
- CLA allowed better access to proximal radius for locking plate application, which may benefit MIPO techniques.
- CLA also enables ulna fixation via the same incision, whereas CMA requires a separate skin incision.
- Anatomical tilt of the proximal cranial surface favored CLA, requiring less plate contouring than CMA for proper fit.
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology
3
2025
Does the Craniolateral Approach Provide Better Exposure to the Radius than the Craniomedial Approach for Internal Fracture Fixation in Dogs?
2025-3-VCOT-lin-4
In Dekerle 2022 et al., on ectopic ureter correction, what was the **median duration of continence** after surgery in dogs that became continent?
🔍 Key Findings
- Cystoscopic-guided laser ablation (CLA) was associated with significantly fewer minor complications (13%) than neoureterostomy (100%) (P < .01)
- CLA resulted in significantly fewer recurrences of incontinence compared to neoureterostomy (0/7 vs 5/12; P < .05)
- 80% of dogs achieved continence within 1 month postoperatively, with a median continence score of 10
- Long-term continence was achieved in 88% of dogs, with or without adjunctive treatment, over a median of 66 months
- Major complications occurred in only 8% of dogs, and all were successfully managed with surgical revision
- Persistent ureteral remnants were seen only in neoureterostomy dogs, potentially contributing to incontinence recurrence
- All dogs with incontinence recurrence responded to medical treatment, while only 1/5 with persistent incontinence after surgery did
- CLA is recommended over open surgery for iEU correction, due to lower complication and recurrence rates
Veterinary Surgery
4
2022
Outcomes of 25 female dogs treated for ectopic ureters by open surgery or cystoscopic-guided laser ablation
2022-4-VS-dekerle-3
In Chik 2024 et al., on cholangioscopy feasibility, which endoscope successfully reached the duodenal papilla in at least one cadaver?
🔍 Key Findings
- Open transcholecystic cholangioscopy was feasible using a 3.8 mm disposable flexible endoscope in all 8 canine cadavers.
- Visualization was consistently achieved up to the junction of the hepatic ducts, common bile duct, and cystic duct.
- Advancement past the junction was limited by the endoscope diameter (3.8 mm) and anatomical flexure.
- The 1.9 mm flexible ureteroscope could visualize the entire biliary tree, including the major duodenal papilla, in a large dog (43.8 kg).
- Endoscopic tools (e.g., 3 Fr grasping forceps) could be passed through the working channel only after removing the irrigation line.
- Standard biopsy forceps were incompatible with the disposable endoscope's 1.2 mm working channel.
- Cadaver study showed no rupture, but clinical extrapolation is limited due to lack of diseased tissue.
- Disposable endoscope setup cost (~$6,100) was significantly lower than traditional endoscopy systems (~$75,000–100,000), improving accessibility.
Veterinary Surgery
7
2024
Feasibility of open cholangioscopy with disposable flexible endoscopes
2024-7-VS-chik-3
Quiz Results
You answered 7 out of 10 questions correctly
Key Findings