🔍 Key Findings

• Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) was successfully performed in all 22 cats without conversion to open surgery.
• Complication rate was low: 3 cats had postoperative complications (1 seroma, 1 vomiting, 1 EHBDO and death).
• Median operating time was 41 minutes; median hospitalization was 3 days.
• No cases required conversion to open laparotomy, even in cats as small as 2.5 kg.
• Common devices used: Hemoclips or Hem-o-lok for cystic duct ligation; Ligasure, harmonic scalpel, or j-hook for dissection.
• Most common indications: cholelithiasis (9/22) and cholecystitis (10/22), with one biliary mucocele and one adenoma.
• Histopathology confirmed diagnosis in all cases; concurrent liver or intestinal biopsies were performed in some cats.
• Postoperative AUS and bloodwork were routine and important for detecting early signs of EHBDO.

🔍 Key Findings

• Cranial drawer (CD), tibial compression (TCT), and tibial pivot compression test (TPCT) showed 100% sensitivity and specificity in differentiating intact from CCL-deficient stifles in this ex vivo model.
• TPCT elicited the highest cranial tibial translation (CTT) and internal tibial rotation, though differences in rotation did not reach statistical significance.
• Inter- and intraobserver agreement for CTT was excellent across all tests (ICC >0.9).
• Rotation and force application had greater variability, particularly with less experienced observers and during CD.
• Forces applied during CD were significantly higher in intact limbs and correlated with observer experience.
• Subjective CTT estimates strongly correlated with objective kinematic measurements (r = 0.895), with a median absolute error of 1.31 mm.
• TPCT may be particularly useful for assessing rotational instability, mimicking the pivot-shift test used in human ACL exams.
• Study supports development of a grading system for manual laxity testing, especially in acute CCLR cases.

🔍 Key Findings Summary

• Study Design: Retrospective study of 100 radiographs using in silico and clinical data
• Mean preoperative TPA: 28.6°, higher in small dogs than large (p = .02)
• Mean planned TPA (in silico): 7.6°, not achieving 5° target (p < .01)
• Median postoperative TPA: 5.5° overall; higher in small dogs (7°) vs large (4.5°) (p = .06)
• Postoperative ostectomy position: More distal than recommended; average = 8.6 mm
• Increased distalization → greater under-correction of TPA (p = .01)
• Most accurate correction occurred when ostectomy was ≤7.5 mm from patellar tendon
• Wedge angle categories (TPA-Pre minus 5–2°) were used based on pre-op TPA

🔍 Key Findings

• Lateral approach to ALN extirpation was successful in 100% of cases (44 dogs, 48 ALNs) with consistent anatomical landmarks (costochondral junction of rib 1 and caudal scapular edge).
• Median time for ALN removal was 16.6 minutes, highlighting a fast and efficient dissection method.
• No intraoperative complications were recorded (e.g., hemorrhage or inability to find the lymph node).
• Postoperative complications occurred in 18% of cases, including seromas (n=2), wound dehiscence (n=4), lameness (n=1), and discomfort (n=1).
• Histopathology revealed 56% of ALNs had tumor-related pathology, including overt metastases, early metastasis (HN2), or premetastatic changes (HN1).
• Normal-sized ALNs (<2 cm) still harbored metastases in 22% of cases, emphasizing the unreliability of size as a staging criterion.
• False negatives in cytology occurred in 4 cases, underlining the limitations of cytologic evaluation for staging.
• The technique was reproducible without specialized tools, suggesting wide applicability in general and referral practice.

🔍 Key Findings

• 63 dogs ≥15 kg with single EHPSS were reviewed.
• Most common breeds: Golden Retriever (28.6%), mixed breed (20.6%).
• Most common shunt types: splenocaval (25.4%) and portocaval (25.4%).
• 45 dogs received surgical attenuation; 18 were medically managed.
• 6.7% (3/45) of surgically treated dogs died due to shunt-related complications; 22.2% (4/18) of medically managed dogs died.
• Hypoplastic portal vein was noted in 52.9% of dogs where portal anatomy was described.
• 37.5% of surviving attenuated dogs were weaned off all medical management.
• Attenuated dogs had higher 1-, 2-, and 5-year survival rates (89%, 77%, 77%) than nonattenuated dogs (82%, 49%, 24%).

🔍 Key Findings

• Intra- and postoperative complications occurred only in stapled lobectomies, but the difference was not statistically significant (intra: p = .069, post: p = .112).
• Intraoperative hemorrhage was the most common complication (11.8%), followed by air leakage (2%).
• All self-ligating loop (SLL) lobectomies had zero complications (n=18), though the sample was small.
• Postoperative complications included 4 catastrophic events (cardiopulmonary arrest), all in stapled cases.
• Lung lobectomy technique was not associated with duration of chest tube use, hospitalization, or survival (p > .05).
• 94.3% of patients survived to discharge (82/87).
• SLLs are lower-cost and may be more feasible for thoracoscopic/minimally invasive approaches due to smaller port size (5mm vs. 12mm for staplers).
• A future superiority study would need ≥103 lobectomies per group to assess differences in complication rates.

🔍 Key Findings

• Exercise-based rehabilitation showed benefits in 6 of 7 studies, including increased peak vertical force (PVF) and reduced lameness, though most had high risk of bias (RoB).
• Cold compression therapy (CCT) had 2 high-quality (Level II, low RoB) studies showing improvements in pain scores, range of motion, and swelling, supporting its clinical use.
• Extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) was supported by 2 Level II studies; only one had low RoB, showing short-term benefits in patellar ligament thickness and PVF, but no long-term benefit on bone healing.
• Photobiomodulation (PBM) had mixed results across 3 Level II studies (all low RoB); only 1 showed positive impact on PVF, limiting its recommendation.
• Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) showed no significant impact on gait analysis or bone healing in a Level II, low RoB study.
• Electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) improved lameness and thigh circumference in one Level III study, but had high-moderate RoB and involved experimentally-induced CCL rupture, limiting clinical relevance.
• No modality beyond exercise and CCT had consistent or strong evidence for efficacy in post-TPLO or extracapsular repair rehabilitation.
• The absence of standardized protocols, small sample sizes, and inconsistent outcome measures limited the generalizability of findings.

🔍 Key Findings

• Supracutaneous locking plates (SLPs) were successfully used to manage 33 diaphyseal fractures (radial–ulnar and tibial) in 30 cats and dogs.
• Median fracture healing time was 50.5 days (range: 27–88), with most patients regaining limb use within days postoperatively.
• CT-based metrics (callus area, HU, and 3D bone volume) increased significantly during healing (p < 0.05), validating CT as a quantitative tool for assessing healing.
• Complications were minimal: minor in 15/33 (e.g., screw tract discharge, edema), and major in 3/33 (e.g., implant failure, delayed union, nonunion).
• Minimally invasive osteosynthesis required longer surgery times than closed reduction (p < 0.05), but both techniques were viable.
• SLPs enabled successful bilateral fracture management without inter-plate interference due to their compact design.
• Screw orientation challenges were noted in cats, especially with cranial application to the radius due to narrow anatomy.
• Polyaxial locking screws were used safely and did not dislodge, allowing for angular insertion (≤10°) to avoid neurovascular structures.

🔍 Key Findings

The study included 162 deep-pain-negative dogs undergoing decompressive surgery (hemilaminectomy) for acute thoracolumbar intervertebral disc extrusion (IVDE).

Ambulatory recovery occurred in 53.1% of dogs (86/162).

The best performing machine-learning model was XGBoost, with an AUC of 0.9502 and accuracy of 89.1%, outperforming Ridge, AdaBoost, and Naive Bayes models.

Preoperative-only XGBoost models were less accurate, with AUC dropping to 0.8271 and accuracy to 71.9%.

Top predictive features (by SHAP analysis) included:

1. T2-weighted to L2 spinal cord signal ratio (lower values predicted better outcome)
2. Use of fenestration (presence associated with better recovery)
3. Hospitalization duration
4. Imaging modality used
5. Duration of nonambulatory status

Machine learning provided better insight into prognostic factors than traditional statistical methods.

🔍 Key Findings

• Dorsoventral radiographs artificially increase Norberg angle values by 3.2–5.8% and should be excluded.
• Lateral pelvic tilt >2° causes asymmetric changes in Norberg angle; >3° results in significant side-specific changes.
• Cranioventral-to-caudodorsal tilt >10° results in obvious radiographic tilt, but changes Norberg angle by only ~2%.
• Tilted but subjectively acceptable images have minor impact and may still be usable for screening.
• Norberg angle readings differed consistently between left/right hips — possibly due to operator handedness.