Your Custom Quiz
In Miller 2024 et al., on surgical comparison of staphylectomy vs. FFP, which breed most frequently underwent a folded flap palatoplasty?
🔍 Key Findings
- FFP resulted in longer median surgery (75 min) and anesthesia (111 min) durations than S (51 min and 80 min, respectively).
- No significant difference in anesthetic complications, regurgitation, aspiration pneumonia, or hospitalization time between S and FFP.
- Major complications were rare (4%) and equally distributed between procedures; included tracheostomy and euthanasia due to severe airway disease.
- Postoperative oxygen use was common (52% of dogs) but not significantly different between procedures.
- FFP dogs more often had laryngeal collapse (especially Grade 1: 68% vs. 32% in S dogs).
- Most dogs (85%) had concurrent nares surgery, with caudal wedge resection more frequent in FFP dogs.
- Few dogs needed revision soft palate surgery (7/124 total); similar between groups.
- Postoperative clinical signs improved across both procedures; regurgitation was the most persistent sign post-op.
Veterinary Surgery
8
2024
Complications and outcome following staphylectomy and folded flap palatoplasty in dogs with brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome
2024-8-VS-miller-4
In Zab 2026 et al., on THA stem templating, what was the mean canal flare index (CFI) measured on hip-flexed radiographs?
🔍 Key Findings
- Hip-flexed and hip-extended radiographs produced significantly different femoral stem template sizes, confirming the techniques are not interchangeable (p < .0001).
- Hip-extended templating underestimated implanted stem size (mean difference −0.54), whereas hip-flexed templating overestimated implanted size (mean difference +0.30).
- Neither radiographic method consistently predicted the actual implanted femoral stem, emphasizing the importance of intraoperative assessment.
- Flexed projections generated larger template sizes (median stem size 9) than extended projections (median stem size 8).
- Canal flare index (CFI) was significantly higher on flexed views (1.89 vs 1.61; p < .0001), reducing apparent "stovepipe" morphology.
- 88% of extended projections were classified as stovepipe femora versus 44% of flexed projections (p = .0027), suggesting substantial projection-related morphologic distortion.
- Femoral length appeared significantly longer on flexed radiographs (204.8 mm vs 189.3 mm; p < .001), supporting the presence of foreshortening on extended views.
- Hip-flexed radiographs may be a practical alternative when hip extension is not possible, especially in severe OA, but implant selection should remain guided by intraoperative findings.
Veterinary Surgery
4
2026
Comparison of canine femoral implant templating for total hip arthroplasty on 25 sets of craniocaudal extended and caudocranial flexed hip radiographs
2026-4-vs-zab-3
In Larose 2024 et al., on fluorescence cholangiography, what timing of fluorescence onset was typical after ICG administration?
🔍 Key Findings
- Near-infrared fluorescence cholangiography (NIRFC) was feasible and safe in all healthy dogs studied, with no major adverse effects noted.
- Low-dose ICG (0.05 mg/kg) at 3 h pre-op achieved the highest target-to-background (cystic duct-to-liver) contrast ratio, reaching nearly 4:1 at 280 minutes.
- Early imaging (time 0) favored low-dose ICG for optimal cystic duct visualization; high-dose ICG led to excessive liver fluorescence and reduced contrast.
- Visualization of biliary tree occurred within 10–20 min post-injection regardless of dose, but longer delays improved background clearance and contrast.
- No significant cardiovascular or histamine-related side effects were observed with either dose of ICG.
- Repeated ICG injections showed minimal residual fluorescence when using a >72 h washout period; shorter intervals caused mild carryover in high-dose groups.
- Surgeon scoring matched contrast ratios, confirming clinical relevance of imaging outcomes.
- Recommended dose for laparoscopic imaging: 0.05 mg/kg ICG given 3–5 h before surgery, or at premedication for urgent cases.
Veterinary Surgery
4
2024
Near-infrared fluorescence cholangiography in dogs: A pilot study
2024-4-VS-larose2-3
In Welker 2024 et al., on thoracic duct anastomosis with MAC device, what surgical consideration is recommended to improve outcomes?
🔍 Key Findings
- Anastomosis of the thoracic duct (TD) to the intercostal vein (ICV) using a microvascular anastomotic coupler (MAC) was feasible in all 6 healthy dogs
- Immediate postoperative patency was confirmed in all dogs, but only 4/6 had patent anastomoses at 30 days, with 2 failing due to ICV kinking
- Kinking of the ICV near the azygos vein insertion was the primary failure mechanism, likely from MAC malalignment
- No intraoperative or major postoperative complications occurred, though 2 dogs developed mild seromas
- Use of the MAC device simplified microsurgical anastomosis versus hand suturing, especially in the deep thoracic cavity
- Contrast lymphangiography showed faster clearance from the cisterna chyli postoperatively, suggesting effective flow redirection
- Persistent branches of the thoracic duct may impact outcomes, and should be ligated during surgery
- This technique may be a potential novel treatment for idiopathic chylothorax, improving outcomes by reducing collateral flow stimuli
Veterinary Surgery
7
2024
Anastomosis of the caudal thoracic duct and intercostal vein using a microvascular anastomotic coupler device: Experimental study in six dogs
2024-7-VS-welker-5
In Larose 2024 et al., on fluorescence cholangiography, which statement best describes ICG safety profile in this study?
🔍 Key Findings
- Near-infrared fluorescence cholangiography (NIRFC) was feasible and safe in all healthy dogs studied, with no major adverse effects noted.
- Low-dose ICG (0.05 mg/kg) at 3 h pre-op achieved the highest target-to-background (cystic duct-to-liver) contrast ratio, reaching nearly 4:1 at 280 minutes.
- Early imaging (time 0) favored low-dose ICG for optimal cystic duct visualization; high-dose ICG led to excessive liver fluorescence and reduced contrast.
- Visualization of biliary tree occurred within 10–20 min post-injection regardless of dose, but longer delays improved background clearance and contrast.
- No significant cardiovascular or histamine-related side effects were observed with either dose of ICG.
- Repeated ICG injections showed minimal residual fluorescence when using a >72 h washout period; shorter intervals caused mild carryover in high-dose groups.
- Surgeon scoring matched contrast ratios, confirming clinical relevance of imaging outcomes.
- Recommended dose for laparoscopic imaging: 0.05 mg/kg ICG given 3–5 h before surgery, or at premedication for urgent cases.
Veterinary Surgery
4
2024
Near-infrared fluorescence cholangiography in dogs: A pilot study
2024-4-VS-larose2-2
In Tobias 2025 et al., on frontal sinus mucoceles, what was the most common presumed etiology in affected dogs?
🔍 Key Findings
- Frontal sinus mucoceles occurred in young dogs, often linked to prior skull trauma by 10 months of age.
- All dogs presented with expansile, fluid-filled lesions causing facial swelling; CT showed multicentric bone erosion, including the frontal bone and cribriform plate.
- Surgical options included frontal sinusotomy with either sinus lining ablation or re-establishment of nasofrontal drainage, with or without stenting.
- Nasofrontal stenting led to long-term resolution in most dogs, although recurrence occurred in 4/8 dogs, requiring revision surgery in 3.
- Complications were minor and included swelling or nasal discharge; no intraoperative complications were reported.
- Histology confirmed sterile mucoceles with neutrophilic inflammation and mucin, and cultures were negative in all cases.
- Guaifenesin was used postoperatively in several cases to reduce mucus viscosity; its benefit is unproven in dogs but may support drainage.
Veterinary Surgery
6
2025
Clinical findings and outcomes of eight dogs with surgically treated frontal sinus mucoceles
2025-6-VS-tobias-1
In Farrugia 2025 et al., on BODPUO location effects, which variable most significantly predicted the postoperative change in proximal ulna angle?
🔍 Key Findings
- Proximal BODPUOs (closer to 26–28% of ulna length) resulted in greater increases in proximal ulna tilt postoperatively (up to 18°).
- Distal osteotomies (closer to 48–49%) yielded minimal change in ulna angle.
- Strong linear relationship between osteotomy location and change in angle; correlation coefficient = 0.73.
- Initial proximal ulna angle (IPUA) influences results—angles closer to 90° yielded greater changes.
- Craniocaudal osteotomy angle had minimal impact on tilt change after adjusting for location.
- Osteotomy length had no significant effect on change in angle.
- Prediction intervals showed wide individual variation in outcomes, especially with more proximal osteotomies.
- No increase in complications was associated with more proximal osteotomies, contrary to past assumptions.
Veterinary Surgery
6
2025
Bi-oblique dynamic proximal ulna osteotomy: Effect of location on change in angle of the proximal ulna segment
2025-6-VS-farrugia-2
In Davies 2024 et al., on lymphaticovenous anastomosis, what is the proposed advantage of creating a TD to AV anastomosis over traditional TD ligation and cisterna chyli ablation?
🔍 Key Findings
- Lymphaticovenous anastomosis (TD to AV) was successfully performed in all 8 feline cadavers using a microvascular anastomotic coupler (MAC).
- Anastomotic patency was confirmed intraoperatively and postoperatively in 7/8 cats via contrast lymphography or retrograde venography.
- Dissection and anastomosis took a median of 120 minutes, with minimal technical complications.
- A 1.5 mm MAC was used in 6 cats, and a 2.0 mm in 2 cats; TD diameter ranged 1.0–1.5 mm, AV up to 2.25 mm.
- Challenges included vessel twisting and luminal patency issues, resolved intraoperatively with minor adjustments (e.g., repeat pinning, tacking suture).
- MAC use eliminated need for hand-suturing, lowering skill demands but requiring precise alignment.
- Technique provides direct lymphatic-to-venous drainage, potentially reducing the stimulus for collateral vessel formation.
- May serve as a future treatment option for feline idiopathic chylothorax, warranting further in vivo studies.
Veterinary Surgery
7
2024
Lymphaticovenous anastomosis of the caudal thoracic duct to the azygous vein: A feline cadaver study
2024-7-VS-davies-5
In Adair 2023 et al., on urolith removal techniques, what was the conversion rate from PCCLm to OC?
🔍 Key Findings
- PCCLm resulted in significantly fewer postoperative lower urinary tract signs compared to OC (13.0% vs 60.9%, p <.001).
- Incomplete urolith removal was not significantly different between PCCLm and OC (11.4% vs 20%, p = .112).
- PCCLm had significantly shorter anesthesia times than OC when no concurrent procedures were performed (97.5 vs 120 min, p < .001).
- Surgical site infection/inflammation (SSII) rates were low and not significantly different between groups (4.5% PCCLm vs 1.8% OC).
- Dogs undergoing PCCLm were more frequently discharged same-day (84.7% vs 0% in OC), reflecting faster recovery.
- PCCLm had higher intraoperative complication rates (22.1% vs 3.4%), mostly due to incision extension or conversions.
- Time to additional surgery for urolith recurrence was longer in PCCLm dogs (24 vs 11.5 months, p = .004).
- Calcium oxalate uroliths were more prevalent in PCCLm cases, while OC had more struvite or mixed types.
Veterinary Surgery
6
2023
Retrospective comparison of modified percutaneous cystolithotomy (PCCLm) and traditional open cystotomy (OC) in dogs: 218 cases (2010–2019)
2023-6-vs-adair-4
In Smith 2024 et al., on ergonomics and preferences in veterinary laparoscopy, which subgroup of surgeons experienced significantly greater difficulty with endoscopic staplers?
🔍 Key Findings
- Surgeons with smaller glove sizes experienced more difficulty using laparoscopic instruments, especially endoscopic staplers, cup biopsy forceps, and vessel sealing devices.
- Endoscopic stapler was rated the most difficult instrument, with a median difficulty score of 4/10 and 25% usage difficulty.
- Female surgeons reported significantly more difficulty with several instruments due to smaller glove size.
- Reusable instruments were preferred over disposable ones for all tasks.
- Pistol grips were preferred for grasping/retracting and fine dissection, while axial grips were preferred for suturing/knot tying.
- Articulating handles were consistently associated with increased reported difficulty, especially with scissors and cup biopsy forceps.
- Left-handed surgeons had more difficulty operating endoscopic staplers, suggesting limited design inclusivity.
- Surgeons in academic settings reported more difficulty with laparoscopic maneuvers than those in private practice.
Veterinary Surgery
3
2024
Variables affecting surgeons’ use of, and preferences for, instrumentation in veterinary laparoscopy
2024-3-VS-smith-5
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Key Findings