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In Monti 2025 et al., on lymph node fluorescence imaging, what was the observed postoperative complication rate following laparoscopic ISLN removal using NIRF-ICG?
🔍 Key Findings
- Laparoscopic ISLN removal using NIRF-ICG was feasible in 89% of dogs (16/18), demonstrating high procedural success with minimal invasiveness.
- Median laparoscopic dissection time was only 12 minutes, suggesting efficiency of the NIRF-guided approach.
- No postoperative complications were observed, and intraoperative complications occurred in only 2 dogs (11.1%), both requiring conversion to open surgery.
- Metastatic disease was confirmed in 48% of patients (12/25 nodes), including cases where LNs appeared normal in size, highlighting the value of histologic evaluation.
- NIRF-ICG enabled precise identification of small and mildly enlarged nodes, which are often missed during traditional imaging or palpation.
- Fluorescent dye leakage following LN capsule rupture limited visibility and required surgical conversion, indicating a key limitation of the technique.
- ICG signal was occasionally absent in metastatic LNs, likely due to lymphatic rerouting or obstruction, underscoring limitations in SLN identification.
- The lateral approach allowed consistent access to ipsilateral MILN, IILN, and sacral LNs, though contralateral nodes were inaccessible with this method.
Veterinary Surgery
6
2025
Near‐infrared fluorescence‐guided minimally invasive surgery for iliosacral lymph node removal in 18 dogs (2023–2025)
2025-6-VS-monti-5
In Ritson 2025 et al., on feline hilar lobectomy sealants, what was the **design benefit** of the double-shank (DS) titanium clip?
🔍 Key Findings
- No leakage occurred using pretied ligature loops (PLL) or double-shank (DS) titanium clips up to 40 cm H₂O airway pressure.
- 1/10 stapled lobes leaked at supraphysiologic pressure (40 cm H₂O), but this was not statistically significant (p = .33).
- All techniques sealed effectively under physiologic and supraphysiologic pressures in cadaveric feline lungs.
- PLL and DS clips required less working space than staplers, making them more practical for small thoracic cavities.
- DS titanium clips offer enhanced security due to dual shanks and tissue-gripping design, reducing clip slippage.
- Leak testing was cyclic and submerged, simulating physiologic ventilation and allowing robust evaluation.
- Stapling failure occurred along the staple line, highlighting risks of air leakage due to staple misalignment or poor hilar access.
- PLL and DS clips may be cost-effective and efficient alternatives for open or minimally invasive feline lung lobectomy.
Veterinary Surgery
7
2025
Ex vivo comparative evaluation of feline hilar lung lobectomy using linear stapler, pretied ligature loop, and double-shank titanium clips
2025-7-VS-ritson-3
In Barrett 2023 et al., on complication grading systems, what was the **main limitation** in applying the aCD system to veterinary cases?
🔍 Key Findings
- Cook system had good reliability across all cases (ICC = 0.848), even when complications, sequelae, and failure-to-cure were included.
- aCD system had excellent reliability when excluding sequelae/failure-to-cure cases (ICC = 0.975) but only moderate reliability when including them (ICC = 0.620).
- Majority of complications (60–63%) were graded as Grade 3 in the aCD system, corresponding to surgical or anesthetic intervention.
- Cook system classified most cases (78–81%) as major complications.
- Assessors had difficulty distinguishing sequelae from Grade 1 complications, and failure-to-cure from Grades 1–2, reducing aCD reliability.
- The aCD system offers more resolution (5 grades vs. 3) and less subjectivity through objective definitions.
- Novel terminology (e.g., sequelae, failure to cure) in the aCD system may hinder its uptake without proper training.
- Reclassifying expected events (e.g., swelling, bruising) as sequelae could significantly reduce reported complication rates in other studies.
Veterinary Surgery
1
2023
Comparison of two postoperative complication grading systems after treatment of stifle and shoulder instability in 68 dogs
2023-1-VS-barrett-2
In Eiger 2024 et al., on NIRFA-ICG in axial flaps, what limitation most affected the visibility of OMO and THO flaps compared to CSE?
🔍 Key Findings
- Caudal superficial epigastric (CSE) flaps were most visible with NIRFA, scoring 4/4 VFP in 97% of evaluations.
- CSE flap margins were altered in 65% of observations after NIRFA, showing the strongest influence on surgical planning.
- Thoracodorsal (THO) and omocervical (OMO) flaps had lower visualization scores, with 60–81% of images scoring below 2.
- Surgeons were 17–25 times more likely to adjust margins for CSE flaps versus OMO or THO based on fluorescence imaging.
- Poor inter-rater agreement was found for OMO (ICC 0.49) and THO (ICC 0.35); CSE had near-perfect agreement, but ICC was low due to uniform high scoring.
- Visualization was affected by flap depth and panniculus, making deeper vessels (OMO, THO) harder to see.
- Surgeons often shortened flap length and reduced flap area when modifying based on NIRFA results.
- Real-time angiosome visualization via NIRFA-ICG may reduce necrosis risk and improve patient-specific APF design.
Veterinary Surgery
6
2024
Use of near‐infrared fluorescence angiography with indocyanine green to evaluate direct cutaneous arteries used for canine axial pattern flaps
2024-6-VS-eiger-3
In Raleigh 2022 et al., on pericardiectomy complications, which surgical tool was most frequently associated with the onset of ventricular fibrillation?
🔍 Key Findings
- Ventricular fibrillation (VF) occurred in 3% of pericardiectomy cases across reporting institutions.
- 14 of 16 dogs (88%) that developed intraoperative VF died, indicating high mortality.
- Electrosurgical devices were used in 15/16 dogs; VF onset coincided with their use in 8 dogs, suggesting a potential but unproven association.
- Preoperative arrhythmias were seen in 7 dogs (e.g., VPCs, VT, bradycardia), possibly serving as early warning signs.
- Thoracoscopic approach was used in 75% of cases; however, conversion to open surgery was required in 9/13 thoracoscopic procedures after VF onset.
- Defibrillation was attempted in 13 dogs, but only 3 converted to sinus rhythm, and only 2 survived postoperatively.
- VF may result from stray current or cardiac manipulation; bipolar energy devices were implicated despite lower theoretical risk.
- Preventative strategies include judicious electrosurgery use, close ECG monitoring, rapid CPR preparedness, and preop cardiac risk assessment.
Veterinary Surgery
4
2022
The development of ventricular fibrillation as a complication of pericardiectomy in 16 dogs
2022-4-VS-raleigh-3
In Young 2023 et al., on minimally invasive parathyroidectomy, which complication led to the only reported postoperative death?
🔍 Key Findings
- Short-term resolution of hypercalcemia occurred in 97.8% (44/45) of dogs.
- Long-term cure rate was 93.3%, comparable to traditional bilateral neck exploration.
- Postoperative hypocalcemia was observed in only 15.6%, which is lower than traditional approaches (36–63.8%).
- Permanent hypocalcemia occurred in 4.4%, requiring lifelong calcitriol supplementation.
- Minimally invasive approach had median surgical times of 26 min (unilateral) and 45.5 min (bilateral).
- Most lesions were adenomas (54.8%), followed by hyperplasia (27.4%) and carcinomas (3.2%).
- Ultrasound identified 98.4% (61/62) of abnormal glands, supporting it as the preferred imaging modality.
- One death due to non-compliance with calcitriol, emphasizing importance of postoperative management.
Veterinary Surgery
1
2023
Surgical description and outcome of ultrasound‐guided minimally invasive parathyroidectomy in 50 dogs with primary hyperparathyroidism
2023-1-VS-young-4
In Duffy 2022 et al., on barbed suture oversew, what was the **most common leakage site** among all FEESA groups regardless of suture type?
🔍 Key Findings
- Oversewing the transverse staple line using barbed suture showed no difference in initial (ILP) or maximum leakage pressure (MLP) compared to monofilament suture (p = .439 and .644).
- Barbed suture repairs were ~18% faster (25 seconds faster; p < .001) than monofilament suture.
- No difference was found between unidirectional and bidirectional barbed sutures in leakage resistance or repair time (p = .697).
- Mean ILP and MLP were significantly higher in control jejunal segments (6.6x and 5.1x greater respectively; p < .001).
- Leakage consistently occurred at the crotch of the FEESA in all oversew groups (>80%), not the staple line.
- All oversewn techniques leaked at supraphysiologic pressures, indicating clinical safety against in vivo leakage.
- No leakage was observed from barbed suture holes, addressing concerns of tissue trauma due to barb design.
- The study supports barbed suture as a viable alternative to conventional monofilament suture for FEESA oversew in dogs.
Veterinary Surgery
5
2022
Influence of barbed suture oversew of the transverse staple line during functional end-to-end stapled anastomosis in a canine jejunal enterectomy model
2022-5-VS-duffy-2
In Mazdarani 2025 et al., on simulated muscle loading, what design feature made Model 3 more favorable for research use over Model 1?
🔍 Key Findings
- Simulated quadriceps and gastrocnemius forces increased proportionally with axial load in all three femoral fixation models.
- Model 2 (rigid fixation) resulted in subphysiologic quadriceps forces and abnormally high gastrocnemius forces, reducing model fidelity.
- Models 1 and 3 (with hip mobility) produced more physiologic quadriceps and force ratios, especially under 30–40% bodyweight loads.
- Force ratios were significantly lower in rigid fixation (Model 2) compared to hip-mobile models (p = .007), suggesting model design affects simulated muscle coordination.
- Joint angles (stifle and hock) remained within acceptable limits, though slight flexion occurred with increasing load.
- Relative foot position differed by ~3.9 mm between models 2 and 3, with model 2 showing a more caudal position.
- Model 3 preserved benefits of hip mobility while allowing radiographic documentation, making it a preferred setup for future studies.
- The study suggests that models used in feline stifle stabilization research may underestimate physiologic forces, especially with rigid fixation designs.
Veterinary Surgery
5
2025
Proximal femoral fixation method and axial load affect simulated muscle forces in an ex vivo feline limb press
2025-5-VS-mazdarani-4
In Danielski 2024 et al., on PUO effect on HIF, what was one proposed biomechanical outcome of PUO regarding the anconeal process?
🔍 Key Findings Summary
- Sample: 51 elbows from 35 spaniel dogs
- Healing Rate: Subjective healing (complete or partial) in 80.3% of elbows; complete in 54.9%
- Objective HU analysis: Mean HU increased from 640 (pre-op) to 835 (follow-up) (p = .001)
- Age Effect: Dogs <14 months showed the greatest HU increase (+384 HU) and had wider fissures with less sclerosis
- Complications:
- Major: 5 dogs (6 limbs); 4 related to fissure healing (7.8%), 2 related to PUO healing (3.9%)
- Minor: 3 cases (5.8%) due to IM pin migration
- Sclerosis: Older dogs had more humeral condyle sclerosis, possibly limiting healing
- PUO Effectiveness: Confirmed cranio-proximal displacement of anconeal process; aimed to relieve humero-anconeal incongruity
- Control Comparison: Avoids complications associated with transcondylar screw (infection, breakage)
Veterinary Surgery
2
2024
Influence of oblique proximal ulnar osteotomy on humeral intracondylar fissures in 35 spaniel breed dogs
2024-2-VS-danielski-5
In Dalton 2023 et al., on acetabular fracture repair, how did the clinical case dog recover following minimally invasive acetabular fracture repair?
🔍 Key Findings
- Minimally invasive repair of acetabular fractures using precontoured plates on 3D-printed models is feasible and technically reproducible in dogs.
- All cadavers had fracture gaps <2 mm and step defects <1 mm, indicating accurate reduction.
- Sciatic nerve injury was minimal or absent in all cases, supporting potential neuroprotection from indirect approaches.
- Pelvic angulation was maintained <5°, confirming preservation of alignment post-reduction.
- Surgical time averaged ~46 minutes in cadavers for both approaches and repair.
- Clinical case showed good radiographic healing by 8 weeks and full union by 3 months, with early weight-bearing post-op.
- Use of locking screws improved reduction fidelity, particularly across a broad plate span.
- 3D printing accelerated surgical planning, though its necessity remains debated due to the availability and cost concerns.
Veterinary Surgery
6
2023
Minimally invasive repair of acetabular fractures in dogs: Ex vivo feasibility study and case report
2023-6-VS-dalton-4
Quiz Results
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