🔍 Key Findings

• Flushing the common bile duct (CBD) during cholecystectomy did not result in improved hepatobiliary markers compared to no flushing.
• Cholecystectomy alone significantly reduced ALP, ALT, GGT, bilirubin, and cholesterol 3 days postoperatively (p < .05 for all).
• Survival to discharge was 90.3%, with no survival difference between flushed and non-flushed groups.
• Postoperative pancreatitis occurred in 12.9% of dogs, evenly distributed between groups, suggesting flushing did not increase risk.
• Most common complication was regurgitation (29%), not significantly different between groups.
• Free abdominal fluid had low sensitivity (29%) but moderate specificity (73%) for gallbladder rupture.
• No difference in duration of hospitalization or postoperative complications between groups.
• Gallbladder rupture rate was 12.9%, lower than previously reported in literature.

🔍 Key Findings

• PCCLm resulted in significantly fewer postoperative lower urinary tract signs compared to OC (13.0% vs 60.9%, p <.001).
• Incomplete urolith removal was not significantly different between PCCLm and OC (11.4% vs 20%, p = .112).
• PCCLm had significantly shorter anesthesia times than OC when no concurrent procedures were performed (97.5 vs 120 min, p < .001).
• Surgical site infection/inflammation (SSII) rates were low and not significantly different between groups (4.5% PCCLm vs 1.8% OC).
• Dogs undergoing PCCLm were more frequently discharged same-day (84.7% vs 0% in OC), reflecting faster recovery.
• PCCLm had higher intraoperative complication rates (22.1% vs 3.4%), mostly due to incision extension or conversions.
• Time to additional surgery for urolith recurrence was longer in PCCLm dogs (24 vs 11.5 months, p = .004).
• Calcium oxalate uroliths were more prevalent in PCCLm cases, while OC had more struvite or mixed types.

🔍 Key Findings

• TEA significantly increased the rima glottis area (RGA) from a mean of 0.52 cm³ to 0.78 cm³ (p < .0001)
• Mean RGA increased by 157%, equivalent to an 84% estimated decrease in airway resistance
• LEGS (laryngeal epiglottic-glottic seal) remained intact in all cadavers post-procedure, indicating maintained airway protection
• TEA was technically feasible in all 15 cadaveric dogs using a custom endoscopic gag port (EGP)
• TEA avoids cervical dissection, potentially reducing surgical trauma and risks compared to UAL (unilateral arytenoid lateralization)
• Compared to UAL, TEA showed slightly less RGA increase, but greater LEGS preservation, potentially reducing aspiration risk
• No cartilage was included in sutures; arytenopexy involved soft tissue fixation to pharyngeal wall across the piriform recess
• Cadaver model limitations include inability to assess functional outcomes like swallowing and respiratory motion impact

🔍 Key Findings

Study design: Randomized cadaveric comparison (n=20 dogs; ILR vs PDR)

Approaches:

• ILR = Intercostal in Left Lateral Recumbency (no OLV required)
• PDR = Paraxiphoid in Dorsal Recumbency (traditional)

Outcomes:

• Pericardiectomy time was shorter for ILR (p = .045)
• Pericardial fragment size was significantly larger in PDR group (p = .004; 23.21 cm² difference)
• Visibility and cardiac exposure were superior in PDR group

Feasibility:

• ILR approach was consistently successful in achieving partial pericardiectomy
• Bilateral ventilation was adequate; no need for OLV

Clinical relevance:

• ILR may improve efficiency when paired with TDL
• PDR remains preferable for cases requiring maximal pericardial resection

🔍 Key Findings

• Hybrid implants were used in older, heavier dogs with lower canal flare index (CFI) compared to cementless types.
• CFI <1.8 was associated with higher risk of femoral fracture or stem subsidence with cementless implants.
• Total complication rate was 14%, with catastrophic complications in only 1.5%—lower than reported in other studies.
• No significant difference in complication rates across implant types (BFX, BFX-C, hybrid).
• Femur fractures were rare (2.9%), lower than in prior studies, and successfully managed with cerclage/plate fixation.
• Coxofemoral luxation was the most common complication (8 cases); all occurred within 62 days post-op, mostly resolved with revision.
• Collared BFX stems did not significantly reduce complications, though they may limit stem subsidence.
• An implant selection algorithm was proposed, using age ≥7 years, weight ≥45 kg, and CFI <1.8 to guide cemented vs. cementless stem use.

🔍 Key Findings

• 12-hole LCPs (80% plate–bone ratio) showed significantly higher construct stiffness than 6-, 8-, or 10-hole plates in both compression and tension bending.
• Strain on the plate was significantly lower in 12-hole vs 6-hole plates at all regions of interest (ROIs), especially around the fracture gap.
• No incremental increases in stiffness or decreases in strain were observed between 6-, 8-, and 10-hole plates—only when comparing to 12-hole plates.
• Bone model strain adjacent to the plate end was significantly lower for 10- and 12-hole plates vs 6-hole plates under both loading conditions.
• The threshold effect suggests biomechanical benefits only emerge beyond a plate–bone ratio of ~80%.
• Working length increased from 9.4 mm (6-hole) to 13 mm (others), potentially influencing strain/stiffness differences.
• Four-point bending was used, as it replicates the most biomechanically relevant force on plated long bones.
• Clinical implication: Longer plates may reduce plate strain and peri-implant bone strain, potentially lowering risk of fatigue failure or stress risers.

🔍 Key Findings

• Peripheral nerve block (PNB) was preferred by 79% of anesthesiologists; lumbosacral epidural (LE) by 21%; PI <1%.
• Time since board-certification significantly influenced preference: PNB favored by newer diplomates, LE favored by more senior ones (p < .001).
• Employment sector mattered: PNB was preferred more in private practice, LE more in academia (p = .003).
• PNB perceived as more effective, with 78% reporting 81–100% effectiveness; compared to 55% for LE.
• PNB associated with fewer adverse effects (75%) than LE (4%) and PI (21%).
• PNB required less rescue analgesia intraoperatively (57%) and postoperatively (54%) than LE or PI.
• LE preferred for bilateral TPLOs and in smaller dogs; PNB for larger dogs, due to motor function preservation.
• Dexmedetomidine was the most common additive to PNB; bupivacaine-only was most used for PNB.

🔍 Key Findings

• 11 dogs, 13 fractures (mostly Salter-Harris type I) were repaired with FGPP using Kirschner wires.
• 10/13 fractures achieved satisfactory healing with good limb function at ~43 days median follow-up.
• Major complications occurred in 5 dogs: intra-articular pin placement, implant migration (2), implant failure with nonunion, and malunion.
• 2 dogs presenting >15 days post-injury with radiographic remodeling were poor candidates → higher risk of nonunion/malunion.
• Preoperative displacement was mostly mild (10/13 fractures); these had better outcomes than chronic or severely displaced cases.
• Median surgical time: 60 minutes (range 45–75), all performed percutaneously without conversion to open.
• Elective pin removal was performed in 5 cases; migration occurred with both short and long cut wires.
• Femoral neck resorption (“apple-coring”) was rare (2/10 healed cases) and thought to be less frequent than after ORIF due to reduced vascular disruption.

🔍 Key Findings

• Traumatic pulmonary pseudocysts (TPP) were diagnosed in 11 patients (9 dogs, 2 cats) using CT after blunt trauma.
• TPPs were identified on radiographs in 64% of cases that were CT-confirmed, highlighting the superior sensitivity of CT.
• Most cases (7/10) were managed conservatively, with complete recovery and no TPP-related mortality.
• Thoracic surgery (lung lobectomy) was performed in 3 dogs, due to persistent pneumothorax or large TPP with perceived risk of complications.
• All pneumothorax cases were managed with thoracostomy tubes, and chest drains were used in 73% of cases.
• Pneumothorax was present in 100% of patients, often bilateral, and pulmonary contusions were reported in 73%.
• One cat was euthanized due to unrelated maxillofacial trauma; no deaths were attributed to TPP itself.
• Long-term follow-up (median 768 days) revealed only 1 case with possible TPP-related pneumonia; others had no complications.

🔍 Key Findings

• All FEESA configurations leaked at lower pressures than intact segments, confirming reduced integrity vs. native tissue.
• FEESA with 3-row transverse staples (3V/3T or 2V/3T) had significantly higher leak pressures than 2-row configurations.
• 3V/3T configuration had the highest ILP (69.88 ± 21.23 mmHg) among all groups, significantly greater than 2V/2T and 3V/2T (P < .001).
• Leakage consistently occurred at the transverse staple line (not vertical), regardless of configuration.
• No significant difference in maximum intraluminal pressure (MIP) between FEESA groups.
• All FEESA constructs withstood intraluminal pressures >25 mmHg, exceeding normal physiological jejunal pressure in dogs.
• No leaks occurred from the vertical staple line, highlighting it as a more robust closure site.
• Third staple row in transverse line may be a viable alternative to suture oversew, pending further clinical evaluation.