Your Custom Quiz
In Kershaw 2025 et al., on PSG vs AD, how many joint penetrations occurred in the PSG group during cadaveric screw placement?
🔍 Key Findings
- 3D-printed patient-specific guides (PSGs) significantly improved accuracy of drill hole entry (p < 0.001) and exit (p = 0.044) compared to commercial aiming devices (AD).
- Zero joint penetrations occurred with PSGs, whereas 3 of 7 AD-guided screws were predicted to penetrate the joint (p = 0.19).
- Variance in exit point and drill angle was significantly lower in PSG group, suggesting more consistent results.
- One PSG case failed due to improper guide seating, but this was corrected with improved soft tissue clearance.
- PSGs enabled safer trajectories despite use by novice surgeons, emphasizing their value in less experienced hands.
- Drill holes placed with ADs deviated more cranially and distally, increasing the risk of articular violation.
- Use of PSGs allowed for tighter clustering of drill trajectories, especially in the cranial–caudal axis.
- Subjective feedback favored PSGs for ease of use and ergonomic design, despite requiring slightly larger incisions.
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology
5
2025
Patient-specific Guides Improve the Accuracy and Safety of Transcondylar Screw Placement—A Cadaveric Study in the Canine Humerus
2025-5-VCOT-kershaw-2
In Aly 2024 et al., on simulator training for feline OHE, how did simulator training affect postoperative pain scores?
🔍 Key Findings
- This study evaluated whether high-fidelity surgical simulator training improved live animal and student outcomes in a feline OHE teaching lab involving 186 cats and 146 students.
- Simulator training significantly improved surgical performance and outcomes:
- Live surgery was 6 minutes shorter on average in the SIM group vs. NO-SIM (115 ± 21 min vs. 121 ± 16 min, p = .04).
- Pain scores ≥5/20 occurred in 1% of SIM group cats vs. 15% of NO-SIM group cats (p < .01).
- Rescue analgesia was needed less frequently in the SIM group (5% vs. 15%, p = .03).
- Student confidence was significantly higher in the SIM group (median 7/10 vs. 6/10, p < .01).
- The simulator used a realistic abdominal model with friable tissues and required performance of a full OHE procedure.
- The study design was nonrandomized, grouped by class year, with limitations including lack of blinding during pain assessment in year two.
- Authors concluded that pre-lab simulator competency improves both animal welfare and student confidence, recommending it as a prerequisite for live surgical training.
Veterinary Surgery
6
2024
Effect of surgical simulator training on student and live animal outcomes in a feline ovariohysterectomy teaching laboratory
2024-6-VS-aly-3
In Monti 2025 et al., on lymph node fluorescence imaging, which factor was identified as a limitation of ICG uptake for sentinel lymph node identification?
🔍 Key Findings
- Laparoscopic ISLN removal using NIRF-ICG was feasible in 89% of dogs (16/18), demonstrating high procedural success with minimal invasiveness.
- Median laparoscopic dissection time was only 12 minutes, suggesting efficiency of the NIRF-guided approach.
- No postoperative complications were observed, and intraoperative complications occurred in only 2 dogs (11.1%), both requiring conversion to open surgery.
- Metastatic disease was confirmed in 48% of patients (12/25 nodes), including cases where LNs appeared normal in size, highlighting the value of histologic evaluation.
- NIRF-ICG enabled precise identification of small and mildly enlarged nodes, which are often missed during traditional imaging or palpation.
- Fluorescent dye leakage following LN capsule rupture limited visibility and required surgical conversion, indicating a key limitation of the technique.
- ICG signal was occasionally absent in metastatic LNs, likely due to lymphatic rerouting or obstruction, underscoring limitations in SLN identification.
- The lateral approach allowed consistent access to ipsilateral MILN, IILN, and sacral LNs, though contralateral nodes were inaccessible with this method.
Veterinary Surgery
6
2025
Near‐infrared fluorescence‐guided minimally invasive surgery for iliosacral lymph node removal in 18 dogs (2023–2025)
2025-6-VS-monti-3
In Hawker 2024 et al., on checklist attitudes, what proportion of ACVS diplomates reported using a surgical safety checklist (SSC)?
🔍 Key Findings
- 67.9% of respondents reported using SSCs, with most indicating frequent use (64% used in every surgery).
- 78.7% agreed SSCs reduce complications, and 89.6% believed SSCs improve communication.
- Respondents not using SSCs were more likely to view them as a waste of time (p < .001).
- Forgetfulness (39.6%) and time constraints (36.5%) were leading reasons for checklist noncompletion.
- Only 23.3% had SSC training during surgical residency, with newer diplomates more likely to have had exposure (p < .001).
- Key strategies to improve uptake included: staff feedback modifications (67.9%), formal designation of initiator (48.6%), and training (52.2%).
- Surgeons and OR staff were most commonly identified as noncompliant team members.
- SSC use was more frequent in small animal practices, and mandating SSCs by management was favored but not always effective alone.
Veterinary Surgery
5
2024
Attitudes towards surgical safety checklists among American College of Veterinary Surgeons diplomates
2024-5-VS-hawker-1
In Klever 2024 et al., what effect does a dorsoventral projection have on Norberg angle measurements?
🔍 Key Findings
- Dorsoventral radiographs artificially increase Norberg angle values by 3.2–5.8% and should be excluded.
- Lateral pelvic tilt >2° causes asymmetric changes in Norberg angle; >3° results in significant side-specific changes.
- Cranioventral-to-caudodorsal tilt >10° results in obvious radiographic tilt, but changes Norberg angle by only ~2%.
- Tilted but subjectively acceptable images have minor impact and may still be usable for screening.
- Norberg angle readings differed consistently between left/right hips — possibly due to operator handedness.
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopedics and Traumatology
1
2024
Influence of Femoral Position and Pelvic Projection on Norberg Angle Measurements
2024-1-VCOT-klever-1
In Danielski 2022 et al., on PAUL complications, what was the inter-observer agreement (kappa) for predicting complications from radiographs?
🔍 Key Findings
- Major complications occurred in 25.6% of limbs treated with PAUL, including non-union, implant failure, and infection requiring revision surgery.
- Increased body weight was significantly associated with a higher risk of complications (7% increased risk per additional kg; p = .04).
- Post-operative radiographic assessment was unreliable in predicting complications; inter-observer agreement was poor (kappa ≤ 0.12).
- Expert evaluation of implant or reduction errors had low predictive value (k < 0.2) for postoperative complications.
- Common major complications included non-union (6 limbs), screw breakage, and surgical site infections.
- Implant removal was required in 11.5% of limbs, mostly due to non-union or infection.
- Being a Labrador appeared protective on univariate analysis, but not on multivariate analysis after adjusting for weight.
- Radiographs showing suboptimal plate placement or osteotomy reduction did not reliably correlate with actual complication occurrence.
Veterinary Surgery
1
2022
Complications after proximal abducting ulnar osteotomy and prognostic factors in 66 dogs
2022-1-VS-danielski-5
In Story 2024 et al., on eTPA osteotomy comparison, which group demonstrated **tibial shortening** as an outcome?
🔍 Key Findings
- Population: 16 dogs (27 tibias), TPA >34°
- Techniques analyzed:
- Group A: CBLO + CCWO
- Group B: TPLO + CCWO
- Group C: mCCWO
- Group D: PTNWO
- Outcomes:
- All groups achieved post-correction TPA < 14°.
- Group A: Slight over-correction (mean TPA 10.47°); greatest mechanical axis shift.
- Group B: Tibial shortening (~0.58%); least mechanical axis shift.
- Group C: Lowest post-correction TPA (mean 4.76°); under-correction.
- Group D: High accuracy, minimal shortening (mean 7.09° post).
- Statistical Significance:
- Significant differences in tibial length change and mCrDTA (mechanical axis shift) between groups (p <.05).
- TPA correction accuracy: Group A (1.02), B (0.95), C (0.89), D (0.98).
Veterinary Surgery
1
2024
Morphologic impact of four surgical techniques to correct excessive tibial plateau angle in dogs: A theoretical radiographic analysis
2024-1-VS-story-2
In Peterson 2022 et al., on crescent guide in TPLO, what was the primary benefit observed in novice surgeons using the crescent guide over other devices?
🔍 Key Findings
- Crescent guide use resulted in significantly less medial cortical damage (mean 3.8 mm²) than the radial saw guide (35.7 mm²) and standard jig (51.3 mm²) in bone models.
- No significant difference in osteotomy accuracy (distance of eccentricity, coronal or axial angulation) among crescent guide, radial guide, or standard jig in either bone models or cadavers.
- Device application time was shortest with the crescent guide and longest for the radial saw guide.
- Osteotomy time was fastest with the crescent guide compared to the radial saw guide (P = .015).
- Participants rated the crescent guide easier to apply than both the radial saw guide (P < .005) and the standard jig (P = .015).
- 5 of 6 novice participants preferred the crescent guide over the other devices for performing TPLO.
- Subjective ease of osteotomy performance was higher with the crescent guide vs. radial guide (P < .001).
- Crescent guide does not assist in fragment stabilization or plateau rotation unlike a standard TPLO jig.
Veterinary Surgery
3
2022
Evaluation of a crescent saw guide for tibial plateau‐leveling osteotomy: An ex vivo study
2022-3-VS-peterson-1
In Duvieusart 2025 et al., on lung lobectomy approaches, what percentage of the lung was typically removed by weight across all techniques?
🔍 Key Findings
- Study Design: Canine cadaveric study comparing intercostal thoracotomy (ICT), median sternotomy (MS), and transdiaphragmatic with caudal median sternotomy (TDCM) for accessory lung lobectomy (ALL).
- Main Outcomes:
- Exposure Area: TDCM (193.5 cm²) > MS (106.5 cm²) > ICT (73.5 cm²) (p = .01).
- TDCM provided significantly greater exposure than MS (p = .02) and ICT (p = .02); MS > ICT (p = .04).
- Surgical Time: No significant difference (p = .06).
- Lobe Excision (% by weight/surface area): No significant difference between groups (p = .4).
- Staple Line Leak: Leak at ≤40 cmH₂O in 2/4 ICT, 0/4 MS, 0/4 TDCM (p = .09).
- Complications:
- 1/4 MS cases had iatrogenic damage to an adjacent lobe.
- Technical Insights:
- TDCM approach allowed immediate visualization of all three parts of the right pulmonary ligament.
- The TDCM approach offers improved access without requiring en bloc removal with the right caudal lobe.
- Conclusion: The TDCM approach provides improved exposure for ALL lobectomy with no increase in surgical time or complications relative to other approaches.
Veterinary Surgery
1
2025
Comparison of three approaches for accessory lung lobectomy in the canine cadaveric model: Intercostal thoracotomy, median sternotomy, and a transdiaphragmatic approach combined with caudal median sternotomy
2025-1-VS-duvieusart-3
In Latifi 2024 et al., on fascial mapping in the canine hindlimb, which fascial structure was most suitable as a consistent surgical deep margin in the lateral thigh?
🔍 Key Findings
- This anatomical study mapped fascial planes of the canine hindlimb and pelvis to aid superficial tumor resection.
- Type I fascia (discrete sheets) was suitable for deep margins in fascia lata, lateral crus, and gluteal regions.
- Areas with poor or absent fascia included the ischiorectal fossa, femoral triangle, stifle extensor mechanism, and pes.
- Type IV fascia associated with periosteum (e.g., patella, tibial tuberosity) required partial ostectomy for inclusion in surgical margins.
- Nerves at risk during deep dissection included obturator, superficial peroneal, and tibial nerves, particularly in regions with weak fascia.
- In males, bulbospongiosus muscle could act as a fascial plane but dissection was challenging and potentially hemorrhagic.
- In females, constrictor vulvae/vestibulae muscles were tightly associated with mucosa, limiting clean resection options.
- Distal hindlimb resections often lacked a usable fascial plane, suggesting that amputation or adjuvant therapy may be more appropriate.
Veterinary Surgery
3
2024
Fascial plane mapping for superficial tumor resection in dogs: Part III – Hindlimb and pelvis
2024-3-VS-latifi-4
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Key Findings