🔍 Key Findings

Population: 29 Boxer dogs and 29 age-matched Labrador Retrievers undergoing TPLO.
Scoring Systems Compared: 5-point vs. 10-point radiographic healing systems.
Healing Scores (Week 8):

• Boxers: 5-point mean = 3.3; 10-point mean = 6.9
• Labradors: 5-point mean = 3.6; 10-point mean = 7.5
• → Statistically significant difference (p = 0.0003 and p < 0.0001)

Osteotomy Gap ≥1 mm (present in 16.4%): Associated with significantly lower healing scores and increased recommendations for additional radiographic follow-up (p < 0.0001).
Observer Reliability:

• Both systems = good interobserver consistency.
• Slightly better intraobserver consistency with the 10-point scale.

Clinical Implication: Boxer dogs may need extended healing time or altered follow-up strategy after TPLO.

🔍 Key Findings

• Hepatic venous drainage patterns vary widely across all lobes, especially the left lateral lobe.
• Right lateral lobe had a median of 2 vessels draining directly into the caudal vena cava (CVC); range: 1–4.
• Caudate process of caudate lobe had the most variability: 1–5 vessels draining into the CVC; 2 vessels was most common (54.5%).
• Left lateral lobe drained via 2–8 veins into the left hepatic vein (LHV), with 3 veins most common (31.2%).
• Left medial lobe typically had 1 vein draining into the LHV (61% of dogs).
• Papillary process drained into the LHV in 93.5% of cases; 6.5% drained directly to the CVC.
• Quadrate lobe always had 1 vessel draining either directly to the CVC or via the LHV.
• CTA revealed more variations than previously described in plastinated or cadaveric studies, highlighting its superior value in surgical planning.

🔍 Key Findings

• 48% of the intra-articular biceps tendon was visible at a standing angle; this increased to 63% in flexion (p = 0.0003).
• 58% of the medial glenohumeral ligament's cranial border was within view.
• 20% of the subscapularis tendon was visualized via the standard lateral arthroscopic approach.
• Visibility was assessed using tattoo ink markers and confirmed via dissection in cadavers.
• Limitations of standard lateral portals may lead to underdiagnosis of deeper or distal pathology in these structures.

🔍 Key Findings

• This study evaluated whether high-fidelity surgical simulator training improved live animal and student outcomes in a feline OHE teaching lab involving 186 cats and 146 students.
• Simulator training significantly improved surgical performance and outcomes:
  • Live surgery was 6 minutes shorter on average in the SIM group vs. NO-SIM (115 ± 21 min vs. 121 ± 16 min, p = .04).
  • Pain scores ≥5/20 occurred in 1% of SIM group cats vs. 15% of NO-SIM group cats (p < .01).
  • Rescue analgesia was needed less frequently in the SIM group (5% vs. 15%, p = .03).
  • Student confidence was significantly higher in the SIM group (median 7/10 vs. 6/10, p < .01).
• The simulator used a realistic abdominal model with friable tissues and required performance of a full OHE procedure.
• The study design was nonrandomized, grouped by class year, with limitations including lack of blinding during pain assessment in year two.
• Authors concluded that pre-lab simulator competency improves both animal welfare and student confidence, recommending it as a prerequisite for live surgical training.

🔍 Key Findings

• Rupture occurred in 7.0% of dogs undergoing surgical PDA ligation (20/285).
• Overall mortality was low (0.4%), with only one death occurring post-rupture.
• Residual flow occurred in 9.4% of dogs; significantly more common in dogs with rupture.
• Residual flow odds were not increased when ligation was successfully performed despite rupture.
• No significant associations between rupture and age, weight, suture size, or dissection technique.
• Jackson-Henderson and intrapericardial techniques were helpful in managing rupture or fibrosis.
• Major complications (non-rupture) were rare (1.4%), including pulmonary artery ligation and cardiac arrest.
• Surgeon preparedness (e.g., hemostatic tools, alternate techniques) was key to successful outcomes.

🔍 Key Findings

Study population: 73 hips from 60 dogs undergoing cementless THR.
Methods evaluated:

• ACVD/ACOLL (acetabular circle on VD or OLL view)
• ALVD/ALOLL (acetabular line)
• FHCVD/FHCOLL/FHCCCHB (femoral head circle)

• Intraobserver repeatability and interobserver consistency were excellent for ACVD and ACOLL.
• FHC methods consistently underestimated actual cup size by 2.4–3.6 mm.
• AC and AL methods had low bias (±0.5 mm) and better predictive value.
• OA severity negatively affected the accuracy of all measurements (p < .05).
• Highest predictive accuracy was ~49% using ACVD with rounding down protocol.

🔍 Key Findings

• 3D-printed models using desktop printers (FDM, LFS) showed submillimetric accuracy, comparable to or better than industrial-grade PJP printers.
• Bone size had a greater effect on print accuracy than printer type, especially in proximal humerus regions.
• The humeral condyle region showed the greatest model accuracy, with mean differences under 0.5 mm, regardless of printer.
• Models tended to be slightly smaller than cadaveric bones, potentially due to systematic underestimation during printing.
• FDM printer provided the highest accuracy at the humeral condyle in medium-sized bones (+0.09 mm).
• LFS printer produced prints faster and more reliably than FDM, although both had comparable dimensional accuracy.
• Statistically significant differences existed, but all were submillimetric and unlikely to impact surgical outcomes.
• Desktop printers are suitable for surgical planning, including plate pre-contouring and patient-specific instrumentation.

🔍 Key Findings

• Leakage pressure was not significantly different between unidirectional barbed suture (UBS) and conventional (C) suture groups (p = .236).
• UBS group had a 28% lower median leakage pressure than the C group (8.6 mmHg vs. 11.7 mmHg), suggesting higher biological risk of leakage.
• UBS significantly reduced suturing time (median 12.7 vs. 17.3 minutes; p < .0002).
• Fewer suture bites were needed in the UBS group (median 14 vs. 19; p = .012).
• No suture breakage or urethral narrowing occurred in either group.
• Leakage site distribution (ventral vs lateral) was similar between groups; no dorsal leaks noted.
• Leakage occurred as low as 5 mmHg in UBS group, indicating potential for postoperative extravasation.
• UBS may aid intracorporeal suturing in minimally invasive prostatectomy, but catheterization remains necessary postoperatively.

🔍 Key Findings

Design: In vitro study on cadaveric femurs (n=21) with basilar femoral neck fractures stabilized using 2 vs 3 titanium cannulated screws.

Stiffness: Control > 3-screw > 2-screw (674 > 120 > 90 N/mm).

Yield Load: 3-screw (586 N) > 2-screw (303 N); both < intact femur (2692 N).

Displacement: No difference across groups.

Complication: 3-screw technique more demanding; higher risk of cortical perforation, especially with narrow femoral necks.

Failure Mode: Dislodgement of femoral head + screw shaft bending.

Conclusion: 3 screws = stronger construct than 2 screws. Clinical implications need further study.

🔍 Key Findings

• Study Design: Canine cadaveric study comparing intercostal thoracotomy (ICT), median sternotomy (MS), and transdiaphragmatic with caudal median sternotomy (TDCM) for accessory lung lobectomy (ALL).
• Main Outcomes:
  • Exposure Area: TDCM (193.5 cm²) > MS (106.5 cm²) > ICT (73.5 cm²) (p = .01).
  • TDCM provided significantly greater exposure than MS (p = .02) and ICT (p = .02); MS > ICT (p = .04).
  • Surgical Time: No significant difference (p = .06).
  • Lobe Excision (% by weight/surface area): No significant difference between groups (p = .4).
  • Staple Line Leak: Leak at ≤40 cmH₂O in 2/4 ICT, 0/4 MS, 0/4 TDCM (p = .09).
• Complications:
  • 1/4 MS cases had iatrogenic damage to an adjacent lobe.
• Technical Insights:
  • TDCM approach allowed immediate visualization of all three parts of the right pulmonary ligament.
  • The TDCM approach offers improved access without requiring en bloc removal with the right caudal lobe.
• Conclusion: The TDCM approach provides improved exposure for ALL lobectomy with no increase in surgical time or complications relative to other approaches.