Makar et al: Autologous, free omentum grafts for large, open, distal limb wounds in dogs: Technique and outcome in 10 dogs
Veterinary Surgery 2, 2026

Autologous, free omentum grafts for large, open, distal limb wounds in dogs: Technique and outcome in 10 dogs

🔍 Key Findings

  • Free autologous omentum grafting (OG) successfully reconstructed distal limb wounds in dogs, with complete epithelialization achieved in all treated wounds (13 wounds in 10 dogs).
  • Mean wound size at treatment was 25.96 ± 16.27 cm², indicating the technique was used for relatively large distal limb defects.
  • Average time to wound healing was 59.5 ± 11.1 days, demonstrating effective closure despite challenging distal limb anatomy.
  • By 30 days postoperatively, wounds decreased to ~18.9% of their original area, reflecting rapid contraction and epithelialization after graft placement.
  • No major complications occurred, while minor complications included infection (2 dogs) and swelling or discharge (10 dogs).
  • Cosmetic and functional outcomes were excellent, with no lameness and partial to complete hair regrowth in all dogs.
  • The omentum’s biological properties (angiogenic factors, stem cells, immunomodulation) likely contributed to improved wound healing and vascularization of the wound bed.
  • Free OG may serve as an alternative to traditional grafting techniques, though prospective controlled studies are needed before routine recommendation.

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Makar et al: Autologous, free omentum grafts for large, open, distal limb wounds in dogs: Technique and outcome in 10 dogs
Veterinary Surgery 2, 2026

🔍 Key Findings

  • Free autologous omentum grafting (OG) successfully reconstructed distal limb wounds in dogs, with complete epithelialization achieved in all treated wounds (13 wounds in 10 dogs).
  • Mean wound size at treatment was 25.96 ± 16.27 cm², indicating the technique was used for relatively large distal limb defects.
  • Average time to wound healing was 59.5 ± 11.1 days, demonstrating effective closure despite challenging distal limb anatomy.
  • By 30 days postoperatively, wounds decreased to ~18.9% of their original area, reflecting rapid contraction and epithelialization after graft placement.
  • No major complications occurred, while minor complications included infection (2 dogs) and swelling or discharge (10 dogs).
  • Cosmetic and functional outcomes were excellent, with no lameness and partial to complete hair regrowth in all dogs.
  • The omentum’s biological properties (angiogenic factors, stem cells, immunomodulation) likely contributed to improved wound healing and vascularization of the wound bed.
  • Free OG may serve as an alternative to traditional grafting techniques, though prospective controlled studies are needed before routine recommendation.

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Multiple Choice Questions on this study

In Makar 2026 et al., on distal limb wounds, which complication profile was reported following free autologous omentum grafting?

A. High rate of graft necrosis and limb amputation
B. Multiple major complications requiring revision surgery
C. No complications occurred in any dog
D. No major complications with minor infection or discharge reported
E. Routine need for limb immobilization with cast fixation

Answer: No major complications with minor infection or discharge reported

Explanation: The study reported no major complications; minor complications included infection and swelling/discharge.
In Makar 2026 et al., on distal limb wounds, what was the mean wound size at the time of free omentum graft placement?

A. 5.2 cm²
B. 12.4 cm²
C. 25.96 cm²
D. 45.3 cm²
E. 78.1 cm²

Answer: 25.96 cm²

Explanation: The study reported a mean wound size of 25.96 ± 16.27 cm² for the treated distal limb wounds.
In Makar 2026 et al., on distal limb wounds, which surgical step was used to harvest the omentum for grafting?

A. Local subcutaneous dissection at the wound site
B. Thoracotomy for mediastinal omentum retrieval
C. Celiotomy to harvest the greater omentum
D. Endoscopic retrieval through the flank
E. Microvascular transfer of pedicled omentum

Answer: Celiotomy to harvest the greater omentum

Explanation: In the study, the omentum was harvested through a celiotomy before being transplanted as a free graft.
In Makar 2026 et al., on distal limb wounds, what was the mean time to complete wound healing following free omentum grafting?

A. 21 days
B. 37 days
C. 45 days
D. 59.5 days
E. 94 days

Answer: 59.5 days

Explanation: The reported mean healing time was 59.5 ± 11.1 days after omentum grafting.
In Makar 2026 et al., on distal limb wounds, what proportion of the original wound area remained at 30 days after omentum graft placement?

A. 18.85%
B. 32%
C. 50%
D. 64%
E. 82%

Answer: 18.85%

Explanation: The wounds were reduced to approximately 18.85% of their original size by 30 days postoperatively.

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