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Payne et al: Computed Tomography Topographical Analysis of Incomplete Humeral Intracondylar Fissures in English Springer Spaniel Dogs
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopedics and Traumatology 2, 2024

🔍 Key Findings Summary

  • HIF typically originates 57° caudal to the supratrochlear foramen and propagates cranially in a segmental pattern.
  • %HIF correlated significantly with both fissure depth and length:
    • %DHIF increased linearly (r = 0.989, p < 0.001)
    • %LHIF followed a sigmoidal relationship with %HIF (p < 0.001)
  • Higher %HIF was significantly associated with:
    • Clinical lameness (p = 0.004)
    • Distal shift in the fissure center (CHIF)
  • Implant complications in 5/17 elbows treated with transcondylar screws
  • Isthmus diameter increased with weight (p = 0.002), relevant for screw sizing

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← Articles

Payne et al: Computed Tomography Topographical Analysis of Incomplete Humeral Intracondylar Fissures in English Springer Spaniel Dogs
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopedics and Traumatology 2, 2024

🔍 Key Findings Summary

  • HIF typically originates 57° caudal to the supratrochlear foramen and propagates cranially in a segmental pattern.
  • %HIF correlated significantly with both fissure depth and length:
    • %DHIF increased linearly (r = 0.989, p < 0.001)
    • %LHIF followed a sigmoidal relationship with %HIF (p < 0.001)
  • Higher %HIF was significantly associated with:
    • Clinical lameness (p = 0.004)
    • Distal shift in the fissure center (CHIF)
  • Implant complications in 5/17 elbows treated with transcondylar screws
  • Isthmus diameter increased with weight (p = 0.002), relevant for screw sizing

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Multiple Choice Questions on this study

In Payne 2024 et al., on HIF propagation pattern, what was the approximate rate of isthmus diameter increase per kilogram of body weight?

A. 0.05 mm/kg
B. 0.10 mm/kg
C. 0.13 mm/kg
D. 0.20 mm/kg
E. 0.30 mm/kg

Answer: 0.13 mm/kg

Explanation: Isthmus diameter increased by 0.13 mm for each 1 kg increase in body weight (p = 0.002).
In Payne 2024 et al., on HIF propagation pattern, which variable showed a linear increase with percentage of HIF (%HIF)?

A. Length of HIF articular surface (%LHIF)
B. Depth of HIF from articular surface (%DHIF)
C. Centre of HIF (CHIF)
D. Isthmus diameter
E. Area of supratrochlear foramen

Answer: Depth of HIF from articular surface (%DHIF)

Explanation: %DHIF increased linearly with %HIF (r = 0.989, p < 0.001), suggesting vertical propagation of the fissure with size.
In Payne 2024 et al., on HIF propagation pattern, what was the observed relationship between %LHIF and %HIF?

A. Inverse linear
B. No significant correlation
C. Sigmoidal increase
D. Quadratic increase
E. Stepwise decrease

Answer: Sigmoidal increase

Explanation: %LHIF increased in a sigmoidal manner relative to %HIF (p < 0.001), reflecting segmental fissure propagation.
In Payne 2024 et al., on HIF propagation pattern, what was the typical origin point of the humeral intracondylar fissure (HIF) in English Springer Spaniels?

A. Cranial to the supratrochlear foramen
B. Just proximal to the olecranon fossa
C. Approximately 57 degrees caudal to the supratrochlear foramen
D. Medial to the condylar groove
E. Centered at the distal articular surface

Answer: Approximately 57 degrees caudal to the supratrochlear foramen

Explanation: CT analysis showed HIF origin averaged 57° caudal to the supratrochlear foramen, supporting a caudal-to-cranial propagation model.
In Payne 2024 et al., on HIF propagation pattern, which finding was significantly associated with higher %HIF?

A. Higher body condition score
B. Increased neutrophil count
C. Increased incidence of medial coronoid disease
D. Abnormalities on clinical examination
E. Larger transcondylar screw size

Answer: Abnormalities on clinical examination

Explanation: Higher %HIF was significantly associated with increased clinical lameness or elbow abnormalities (p = 0.004).

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