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Ibrahim et al: Arterial supply to the scrotum: A cadaveric angiographic study
Veterinary Surgery 4, 2022

🔍 Key Findings

  • Dorsal scrotal arteries, branching from the ventral perineal arteries, are the dominant arterial supply to the scrotum in dogs.
  • The ventral scrotal arteries, arising from the external pudendal arteries, perfused only the cranial scrotal border and were inconsistently present or absent in some dogs.
  • A scrotal flap based on the dorsal scrotal arteries showed strong perfusion and may be a viable axial pattern flap.
  • Perfusion was consistent across fresh and frozen cadavers, showing no difference due to preservation method.
  • Poor flap survival (27%) occurred when based on cranial supply alone (i.e., ventral scrotal arteries), confirming importance of preserving caudal supply.
  • There are anastomoses between dorsal and ventral scrotal arteries, offering collateral flow but insufficient alone for complete perfusion.
  • Scrotal flaps based on the caudal pedicle may be applicable for reconstruction of proximal medial/lateral thigh wounds.
  • Proposed flap requires careful preservation of ventral perineal arteries, ideally designed 2.5–3 cm lateral to midline in large dogs.

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← Articles

Ibrahim et al: Arterial supply to the scrotum: A cadaveric angiographic study
Veterinary Surgery 4, 2022

🔍 Key Findings

  • Dorsal scrotal arteries, branching from the ventral perineal arteries, are the dominant arterial supply to the scrotum in dogs.
  • The ventral scrotal arteries, arising from the external pudendal arteries, perfused only the cranial scrotal border and were inconsistently present or absent in some dogs.
  • A scrotal flap based on the dorsal scrotal arteries showed strong perfusion and may be a viable axial pattern flap.
  • Perfusion was consistent across fresh and frozen cadavers, showing no difference due to preservation method.
  • Poor flap survival (27%) occurred when based on cranial supply alone (i.e., ventral scrotal arteries), confirming importance of preserving caudal supply.
  • There are anastomoses between dorsal and ventral scrotal arteries, offering collateral flow but insufficient alone for complete perfusion.
  • Scrotal flaps based on the caudal pedicle may be applicable for reconstruction of proximal medial/lateral thigh wounds.
  • Proposed flap requires careful preservation of ventral perineal arteries, ideally designed 2.5–3 cm lateral to midline in large dogs.

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Multiple Choice Questions on this study

In Ibrahim 2022 et al., on scrotal arterial supply, which anatomic feature **must be preserved** during flap creation to optimize perfusion?

A. Cranial scrotal arteries
B. External pudendal branches
C. Dorsal penile artery
D. Ventral perineal arteries
E. Caudal epigastric arteries

Answer: Ventral perineal arteries

Explanation: Preservation of the ventral perineal arteries ensures blood flow through the dorsal scrotal branches, key for flap survival.
In Ibrahim 2022 et al., on scrotal arterial supply, which artery was identified as the **dominant** source of scrotal perfusion in dogs?

A. Ventral scrotal artery from external pudendal
B. Deep femoral artery
C. Dorsal scrotal artery from ventral perineal
D. Creasteric artery from testicular branch
E. Caudal superficial epigastric artery

Answer: Dorsal scrotal artery from ventral perineal

Explanation: The dorsal scrotal arteries, arising from the ventral perineal arteries, provided the most consistent and extensive perfusion in all cadavers.
In Ibrahim 2022 et al., on scrotal arterial supply, what was concluded regarding the use of scrotal flaps in neutered dogs?

A. Preferred due to larger flap size
B. Equally effective as in intact males
C. Scrotum may be too small or absent
D. Provides better cosmetic results
E. Causes increased tension on donor site

Answer: Scrotum may be too small or absent

Explanation: Neutered or cryptorchid dogs may have insufficient scrotal tissue for reliable flap design.
In Ibrahim 2022 et al., on scrotal arterial supply, what was the observed consequence when scrotal flaps were based on cranial supply only?

A. Improved flap perfusion
B. Equal perfusion to caudal-based flaps
C. High rate of complete necrosis
D. Partial distal flap necrosis (~27%)
E. No perfusion beyond scrotal base

Answer: Partial distal flap necrosis (~27%)

Explanation: Cranial-based flaps showed approximately 27% distal necrosis, suggesting inadequate perfusion without caudal supply.

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