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Beamon et al: Effect of calcanean bone‐tunnel orientation for teno‐osseous repair in a canine common calcanean tendon avulsion model
Veterinary Surgery 4, 2022

🔍 Key Findings

  • No significant difference in peak load, failure load, stiffness, or 3 mm gap formation among bone tunnel types.
  • Transverse tunnel (TT) constructs had 25% higher yield load than modified tunnels (MT) (P = .027).
  • Most common failure mode was suture pull-through (67%), with no significant difference between groups.
  • Gap formation ≥3 mm occurred in ~90% of constructs; no significant difference in force needed for gap among groups.
  • All bone tunnel techniques (TT, VT, MT) are viable options for CCT reattachment in dogs.
  • The 3-loop pulley (3LP) pattern provided strong, uniform repair, with higher loads to failure than previously reported.
  • TT constructs showed more tendon distortion at the repair interface during loading.
  • Inclusion of accessory tendon may have improved repair strength compared to prior studies using GT alone.

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← Articles

Beamon et al: Effect of calcanean bone‐tunnel orientation for teno‐osseous repair in a canine common calcanean tendon avulsion model
Veterinary Surgery 4, 2022

🔍 Key Findings

  • No significant difference in peak load, failure load, stiffness, or 3 mm gap formation among bone tunnel types.
  • Transverse tunnel (TT) constructs had 25% higher yield load than modified tunnels (MT) (P = .027).
  • Most common failure mode was suture pull-through (67%), with no significant difference between groups.
  • Gap formation ≥3 mm occurred in ~90% of constructs; no significant difference in force needed for gap among groups.
  • All bone tunnel techniques (TT, VT, MT) are viable options for CCT reattachment in dogs.
  • The 3-loop pulley (3LP) pattern provided strong, uniform repair, with higher loads to failure than previously reported.
  • TT constructs showed more tendon distortion at the repair interface during loading.
  • Inclusion of accessory tendon may have improved repair strength compared to prior studies using GT alone.

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Multiple Choice Questions on this study

In Beamon 2022 et al., on calcanean tunnel orientation, what was concluded regarding all tested drilling techniques?

A. Only TT was biomechanically viable
B. MT had superior stiffness
C. None resisted suture pull-through
D. All were viable for CCT reattachment
E. Only VT maintained tendon alignment

Answer: All were viable for CCT reattachment

Explanation: Despite differences in yield load, all tunnel orientations provided biomechanically viable options for reattachment.
In Beamon 2022 et al., on calcanean tunnel orientation, which construct demonstrated significantly higher yield load than modified tunnels?

A. Vertical tunnel (VT)
B. Transverse tunnel (TT)
C. Modified tunnel (MT)
D. All were equivalent
E. Three-loop pulley (3LP)

Answer: Transverse tunnel (TT)

Explanation: TT constructs showed a 25% higher yield load than MT (P = .027), indicating stronger early resistance to deformation.
In Beamon 2022 et al., on calcanean tunnel orientation, what was the finding regarding formation of a 3 mm teno-osseous gap?

A. Only modified tunnels resisted gap formation
B. Transverse tunnels resisted gapping significantly more
C. All constructs failed before any gapping
D. No difference among groups
E. Vertical tunnels resisted gap formation the most

Answer: No difference among groups

Explanation: All bone tunnel types showed similar resistance to 3 mm gap formation (P = .347).
In Beamon 2022 et al., on calcanean tunnel orientation, which failure mode was most commonly observed across all groups?

A. Suture knot rupture
B. Bone tunnel cracking
C. Tendon rupture
D. Suture pull-through
E. Screw pull-out

Answer: Suture pull-through

Explanation: Suture pull-through occurred in 67% of cases, with no statistical difference among groups.
In Beamon 2022 et al., on calcanean tunnel orientation, what repair pattern was used in all constructs?

A. Locking loop
B. Krackow
C. Mason-Allen
D. Three-loop pulley (3LP)
E. Bunnell

Answer: Three-loop pulley (3LP)

Explanation: All constructs used a 3LP pattern, chosen for its strong biomechanical performance.

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