🔍 Key Findings

• Transecting the CCL remnant during TPLO did not reduce patellar ligament thickening (PLT) at any measured point (proximal, mid, distal).
• Transection also failed to reduce postoperative patellar ligament shortening (PLL) at 6 weeks.
• Both groups (transected vs non-transected) showed significant thickening and shortening, with greatest PLT increase at the midpoint.
• Increased PLT was positively correlated with tibial plateau rotation (p = 0.02) and postoperative TPA (p = 0.04).
• No correlation between TT-O (tibial tuberosity width index) and PLT, suggesting narrow osteotomies did not influence PLT in this population.
• Partial CCL rupture was not significantly protective; dogs with partial tears still developed ligament thickening.
• Post-TPLO mid-patellar ligament thickening may relate to Gelpi retractor placement and osteotomy mechanics rather than CCL status.
• Authors do not recommend CCL transection during TPLO to prevent desmitis, citing possible increased instability and degeneration.

🔍 Key Findings

• 65% of stifles with patella luxation and intact CCLs had increased radiographic soft tissue opacity
• Weight and radiographic OA were significantly associated with increased opacity (p = .0029 and p = .0143)
• Each 1 kg increase in weight increased the odds of opacity by 10%
• Grade of patella luxation, age, and muscle atrophy were not significantly associated with increased opacity
• 19% of dogs with long-term follow-up developed a CCL rupture post-patella surgery, 50% of those had opacity at initial presentation
• Radiographic opacity alone should not be interpreted as CCL disease in dogs with patella luxation
• Radiographic findings likely represent effusion or synovial hyperplasia, not CCL pathology
• Arthrotomy was used to confirm CCL integrity at surgery, but arthroscopy could provide better sensitivity

🔍 Key Findings

• 67.9% of respondents reported using SSCs, with most indicating frequent use (64% used in every surgery).
• 78.7% agreed SSCs reduce complications, and 89.6% believed SSCs improve communication.
• Respondents not using SSCs were more likely to view them as a waste of time (p < .001).
• Forgetfulness (39.6%) and time constraints (36.5%) were leading reasons for checklist noncompletion.
• Only 23.3% had SSC training during surgical residency, with newer diplomates more likely to have had exposure (p < .001).
• Key strategies to improve uptake included: staff feedback modifications (67.9%), formal designation of initiator (48.6%), and training (52.2%).
• Surgeons and OR staff were most commonly identified as noncompliant team members.
• SSC use was more frequent in small animal practices, and mandating SSCs by management was favored but not always effective alone.

🔍 Key Findings Summary

• Sample: 51 elbows from 35 spaniel dogs
• Healing Rate: Subjective healing (complete or partial) in 80.3% of elbows; complete in 54.9%
• Objective HU analysis: Mean HU increased from 640 (pre-op) to 835 (follow-up) (p = .001)
• Age Effect: Dogs <14 months showed the greatest HU increase (+384 HU) and had wider fissures with less sclerosis
• Complications:
  • Major: 5 dogs (6 limbs); 4 related to fissure healing (7.8%), 2 related to PUO healing (3.9%)
  • Minor: 3 cases (5.8%) due to IM pin migration
• Sclerosis: Older dogs had more humeral condyle sclerosis, possibly limiting healing
• PUO Effectiveness: Confirmed cranio-proximal displacement of anconeal process; aimed to relieve humero-anconeal incongruity
• Control Comparison: Avoids complications associated with transcondylar screw (infection, breakage)

🔍 Key Findings

• Postoperative complications occurred in 17.7% of dogs undergoing hepatic mass resection; mortality was 6.3%
• Shorter corrected distance from hepatic mass to CVC (per 0.1 cm/kg decrease) was significantly associated with increased complications (OR: 0.666; p = .017)
• Presence of underlying disease increased complication risk (OR: 2.703; p = .007)
• Intraoperative hypotension was a strong predictor of complications (OR: 3.589; p = .019)
• Surgical time was borderline significant in multivariable models (OR: 1.011 per min; p = .052)
• Liver lobe location (left, central, right) was not significantly associated with complications
• Prothrombin time (PT) correlated with complication risk in univariable analysis but was not consistently significant in multivariable models
• CT evaluation of mass proximity to the CVC is a useful preoperative predictor of complication risk

🔍 Key Findings

• Liver masses were most common in the left division (58%), followed by central (27%) and right (15%).
• Right divisional masses were significantly associated with intraoperative complications (33% vs 5.6% left, p = .0037), particularly hemorrhage and injury to major vessels.
• Mortality rate was 6.5% overall, with no significant association with liver lobe location.
• Postoperative complications occurred in 28.7% of cases, but were not significantly associated with mass location.
• Thoracic incision extension (sternotomy or diaphragmotomy) increased odds of postoperative complications by 9.1x (p < .001).
• Use of TA stapler significantly reduced both intraoperative (OR 19x lower) and postoperative complications (OR 4.4x lower) vs other methods.
• Specialist surgeons and heavier dogs had significantly fewer postoperative complications.
• Right lobectomies often required thoracic extension, indirectly linking them to increased postoperative morbidity.

🔍 Key Findings

• Fluoroscopy-guided osteotomy placement achieved a median postoperative TPA of 3° (range: 0–4.5°), showing excellent accuracy.
• The D1 measurement (from patellar ligament insertion to osteotomy exit) was more reproducible and accurate intraoperatively than D2.
• Median R1 value (D1-based) matched the intended 21 mm radius with only 0.5 mm deviation, while R2 deviated by 2.5 mm.
• Real-time fluoroscopy allowed dynamic limb positioning and reduced osteotomy placement variability.
• Intraoperative fluoroscopy reduced reliance on preoperative planning, especially in cases with difficult anatomy or positioning.
• Radiation exposure was minimal (avg. 3 images per case) and within safe limits using standard protection protocols.
• Study standardized to 21 mm blades and excluded dogs with developmental orthopedic conditions to reduce confounders.
• Targeting a lower postoperative TPA (3°) may reduce meniscal load and cranio-caudal instability, though long-term outcomes require further study.

🔍 Key Findings

• CESF with distraction osteogenesis restored elbow congruity and normalized aLDRA in skeletally immature dogs with PCDRP.
• Radial head subluxation was eliminated in all dogs, and elbow incongruity reduced significantly (from 6.1 mm to 0.3 mm, p <.01).
• Mean radial lengthening of 22.6 mm (∼11% of normal length) was achieved, but only 80% of recorded distraction translated to length gain.
• Major complications occurred in 2/12 dogs: one with permanent carpal contracture, one with radial fracture at wire tract.
• Minor complications (e.g., carpal pain, restricted extension, synostosis, pin tract issues) were noted in 10/12 dogs but generally resolved.
• Owner surveys (8/12 dogs) reported good to excellent long-term function, even up to 6 years post-op.
• Radial valgus deformities were moderate (mean 15°) and less severe than deformities from ulnar physeal closure.
• Surgical strategy included staged distraction, with radial or combined radius/ulna distraction guided by fluoroscopy and adjusted per case.

🔍 Key Findings

Population: 24 dogs (<8.5 months) undergoing unilateral cementless THR.
Growth Impact:

• Operated femurs showed ~11.5% less trochanteric growth than controls (p = .002).
• No significant difference in femoral diaphyseal + epiphyseal length (p = .712) or femur overall (p = .465).

Cortical Width:

• Increased significantly at 10 mm distal to trochanter (4.6% increase, p = .037) and at 50% femoral length (8.5% increase, p = .030).

Clinical relevance: Despite measurable changes, no clinically significant impairment to femoral length occurred.
Effect Sizes:

• Moderate negative for trochanteric growth.
• Moderate positive for proximal femoral width.

🔍 Key Findings

• No significant difference in initial leak pressure (ILP) among TA 30 V3 2.5 mm, TA 60 3.5 mm, and TA 60 4.8 mm stapler sizes (P = .78).
• All stapler types exceeded the physiological intraluminal pressure threshold (~25 mmHg), suggesting acceptable leak resistance.
• Mean ILPs: TA 30 V3 (181.5 mmHg), TA 60 3.5 mm (112 mmHg), TA 60 4.8 mm (77.2 mmHg).
• Leakage occurred at the staple line in 23 of 24 specimens; only one had ileal wall rupture.
• No correlation found between ILP and cadaver weight, cecal wall thickness, or cecal length.
• Cecal wall thickness averaged 4.9 mm, yet staple heights ranged only from 1.0–2.0 mm.
• One specimen in each TA 60 group leaked near or below physiologic pressures, suggesting rare outliers.
• Study supports clinical viability of all tested stapler sizes for canine typhlectomy, but highlights need for in vivo data on healing and complications.