Your Custom Quiz
In Wang 2025 et al., on TPLO osteotomy alignment, what was the primary benefit of using intraoperative fluoroscopy?
🔍 Key Findings
- Fluoroscopy-guided osteotomy placement achieved a median postoperative TPA of 3° (range: 0–4.5°), showing excellent accuracy.
- The D1 measurement (from patellar ligament insertion to osteotomy exit) was more reproducible and accurate intraoperatively than D2.
- Median R1 value (D1-based) matched the intended 21 mm radius with only 0.5 mm deviation, while R2 deviated by 2.5 mm.
- Real-time fluoroscopy allowed dynamic limb positioning and reduced osteotomy placement variability.
- Intraoperative fluoroscopy reduced reliance on preoperative planning, especially in cases with difficult anatomy or positioning.
- Radiation exposure was minimal (avg. 3 images per case) and within safe limits using standard protection protocols.
- Study standardized to 21 mm blades and excluded dogs with developmental orthopedic conditions to reduce confounders.
- Targeting a lower postoperative TPA (3°) may reduce meniscal load and cranio-caudal instability, though long-term outcomes require further study.
Veterinary Surgery
7
2025
Accuracy of fluoroscopy-guided osteotomy placement in TPLO: Postoperative tibial plateau angle and preoperative planning evaluation
2025-7-VS-wang-1
In Berger 2023 et al., on elbow COR estimation, what was the most common exit location of axes in *normal* elbows on the lateral cortex?
🔍 Key Findings
- COR of elbows with FMCP was significantly more caudal compared to normal elbows, based on CT-derived geometry.
- In normal elbows, 74% of medial and 93% of lateral axes exited cranial and distal to the epicondyles.
- In FMCP elbows, 81% of medial and 70% of lateral axes exited caudal and distal to the epicondyles.
- Different landmark combinations produced slightly different COR approximations, especially between humeral vs. radius/ulna-based axes.
- The medial-lateral axis using trochlea and capitulum centers provided the most consistent COR approximation.
- COR estimations based on diseased elbows may not match normal joint geometry, impacting implant alignment accuracy.
- External epicondylar landmarks may be useful intraoperatively to estimate COR location, but variability limits precision.
- Drill diameter size may buffer small COR differences, but impact in advanced disease or bilateral cases remains unclear.
Veterinary Surgery
1
2023
The use of subchondral bone topography to approximate the center of rotation of the elbow joint in dogs
2023-1-VS-berger-1
In Jones 2024 et al., on surgical technique mortality, what was found when comparing CO₂ laser and conventional incisional techniques?
🔍 Key Findings
- Study compared 606 dogs (English Bulldogs, French Bulldogs, Pugs) undergoing partial staphylectomy via CO₂ laser, bipolar vessel sealing device (BVSD), or conventional incision.
- Mortality rate: 4.0% (24/606).
- BVSD was associated with significantly increased perioperative mortality compared to other methods (OR = 6.0, 95% CI: 1.3–28.4, p = .023).
- High-grade laryngeal collapse (stage II or III) independently increased mortality risk (OR = 4.6, 95% CI: 1.8–11.8, p = .002).
- No difference in mortality between CO₂ laser and conventional incision techniques.
- CO₂ laser and conventional techniques had similar complication rates.
Veterinary Surgery
1
2024
Comparison of mortality of brachycephalic dogs undergoing partial staphylectomy using conventional incisional, carbon dioxide laser, or bipolar vessel sealing device
2024-1-VS-jones-4
In Perry 2025 et al., on I-Loc fracture fixation, which factor most increased the risk of surgical site infection and implant removal?
🔍 Key Findings
- High union rate with low complications was achieved using the I-Loc angle-stable interlocking nail across 243 canine long-bone fractures.
- Mean time to clinical union was 8.3 weeks, faster than many historical plate-rod or non-angle-stable nail reports.
- Major complications occurred in only 5.3% and minor complications in 9.1% of cases.
- Most fractures were diaphyseal (75%) and comminuted (62%), demonstrating effectiveness in complex fracture patterns.
- Ancillary implants were uncommon (21%), mainly used in epi-/metaphyseal fractures or for anatomic reconstruction.
- Postoperative missed bolt rate was very low (0.94%), reflecting improved targeting accuracy.
- Open fractures carried a substantially higher risk of SSI and implant removal compared with closed fractures.
- Prebending of tibial nails was strongly recommended to follow natural recurvatum and avoid iatrogenic alignment errors.
Veterinary Surgery
8
2025
Outcomes of 243 dogs with traumatic fractures treated with the I-Loc interlocking nail
2025-8-VS-perry-4
In Fracka 2023 et al., on patient-specific guides, what was suggested as a practical benefit of PSGs for veterinary surgeons?
🔍 Key Findings
- 3D-printed patient-specific guides (PSGs) improved tibial cut alignment in the frontal plane compared to generic guides (mean error 1.03° vs 2.41°, p = .036).
- All tibial cuts using PSGs were within 3° of target alignment, while 2/8 of the generic group were outliers.
- PSGs significantly improved sagittal alignment of both distal (p = .018) and cranial (p = .043) femoral cuts.
- No significant difference was found in varus-valgus femoral alignment or closing angle between PSG and generic guide groups.
- Tibial sagittal slope alignment was not significantly different between groups.
- PSGs provided better intraoperative usability, including improved visibility, no loosening, and ease of use.
- Femoral sizing and component fit were equivalent between PSGs and generic guides, ensuring proper prosthesis alignment.
- PSGs may offer training advantages for novice surgeons, especially in anatomically complex or deformed joints.
Veterinary Surgery
5
2023
3D-printed, patient-specific cutting guides improve femoral and tibial cut alignment in canine total knee replacement
2023-5-VS-fracka-5
In Lin 2025 et al., on surgical approaches to the radius, what was the main neurovascular difference noted between CLA and CMA?
🔍 Key Findings
- Craniolateral approach (CLA) exposed significantly more radial surface area than craniomedial approach (CMA) (19.4 cm² vs. 13.8 cm²; p = 0.01).
- Proximal width of exposure was greater in CLA, especially at 12.5% length (P2 level, p = 0.016), aiding plate placement.
- No significant difference in exposed bone length between approaches.
- CLA avoided major neurovascular structures, making dissection cleaner and safer proximally.
- CMA consistently encountered median nerve/artery/vein, complicating proximal exposure.
- CLA allowed better access to proximal radius for locking plate application, which may benefit MIPO techniques.
- CLA also enables ulna fixation via the same incision, whereas CMA requires a separate skin incision.
- Anatomical tilt of the proximal cranial surface favored CLA, requiring less plate contouring than CMA for proper fit.
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology
3
2025
Does the Craniolateral Approach Provide Better Exposure to the Radius than the Craniomedial Approach for Internal Fracture Fixation in Dogs?
2025-3-VCOT-lin-2
In Cola 2024 et al., on laparotomy-assisted endoscopy, what was the overall success rate of LAER in avoiding full conversion to enterotomy or gastrotomy?
🔍 Key Findings
- LAER was effective (partial or complete) in 35/40 cases, regardless of FB location or type.
- Intestinal wall damage significantly increased the likelihood of conversion to enterotomy (p = .043).
- LAER led to significantly shorter hospitalization (median 48 h vs 72 h; p = .006).
- Patients in the LAER group required less postoperative analgesia (median 36 h vs 48 h; p < .001).
- Faster return to spontaneous feeding was seen in LAER group (median 24 h vs 36 h; p = .012).
- No significant difference in complication rate or postoperative ileus between LAER and enterotomy groups.
- Sharp, linear, or multiple FBs did not significantly affect LAER effectiveness.
- Conversion to surgery was required in 5/40 LAER attempts, mostly due to immovable FBs or intestinal damage.
Veterinary Surgery
7
2024
Laparotomy‐assisted endoscopic removal of gastrointestinal foreign bodies: Evaluation of this technique and postoperative recovery in dogs and cats
2024-7-VS-cola-4
In Petazzoni 2022 et al., on DPO in older dogs, what was the most significant improvement in radiographic hip assessment 1 year after surgery?
🔍 Key Findings
- DPO improved joint congruity and clinical signs in dogs ≥10 months old with minimal osteoarthritis.
- Median Norberg angle increased by 21.8% 1 year postoperatively (from 87° to 106°; p < .01).
- Femoral head coverage increased significantly, with PC rising 66.7% and LHC by 162.5% at 1 year (p < .01).
- No significant change in pelvic canal width postoperatively, suggesting pelvic conformation was preserved.
- All ilial osteotomies healed with complete osseous bridging by 8 weeks; 7/11 pubic osteotomies achieved full healing.
- No intraoperative or postoperative complications were reported, including implant failure.
- Locking plates and additional ventral plating were used in select cases and may have contributed to implant stability.
- DPO may be extended to older dogs with suitable hip morphology and minimal OA, expanding traditional age criteria.
Veterinary Surgery
2
2022
Clinical outcomes of double pelvic osteotomies in eight dogs with hip dysplasia aged 10–28 months
2022-2-VS-petazzoni-1
In Ritson 2025 et al., on feline hilar lobectomy sealants, what was the **main advantage** of PLL and DS clips over traditional staplers in cadaveric models?
🔍 Key Findings
- No leakage occurred using pretied ligature loops (PLL) or double-shank (DS) titanium clips up to 40 cm H₂O airway pressure.
- 1/10 stapled lobes leaked at supraphysiologic pressure (40 cm H₂O), but this was not statistically significant (p = .33).
- All techniques sealed effectively under physiologic and supraphysiologic pressures in cadaveric feline lungs.
- PLL and DS clips required less working space than staplers, making them more practical for small thoracic cavities.
- DS titanium clips offer enhanced security due to dual shanks and tissue-gripping design, reducing clip slippage.
- Leak testing was cyclic and submerged, simulating physiologic ventilation and allowing robust evaluation.
- Stapling failure occurred along the staple line, highlighting risks of air leakage due to staple misalignment or poor hilar access.
- PLL and DS clips may be cost-effective and efficient alternatives for open or minimally invasive feline lung lobectomy.
Veterinary Surgery
7
2025
Ex vivo comparative evaluation of feline hilar lung lobectomy using linear stapler, pretied ligature loop, and double-shank titanium clips
2025-7-VS-ritson-2
In Brisimi 2022 et al., on tracheal anastomosis tension, which statement is true?
🔍 Key Findings
- Tracheal anastomoses in immature dogs failed at significantly lower distraction forces (44.91 ± 59.03 N) than in adults (149.31 ± 45.36 N; _P_ = .007).
- Immature tracheae tolerated significantly more elongation before failure (39.75 ± 5.45%) than adult tracheae (30.57 ± 7.19%; _P_ = .0012).
- All constructs failed by suture tearing through the annular ligament, primarily near the dorsal tracheal ring.
- Overlapping of tracheal ends was seen in 50% of specimens across both age groups, suggesting limitations in tissue apposition with the chosen technique.
- Simple continuous pattern using 2-0 polypropylene was used; this pattern provides superior tensile strength compared to simple interrupted, but apposition may be suboptimal.
- Tracheal elasticity in immature dogs may allow longer resections, but the lower tensile strength necessitates reinforcement.
- Annular ligament-cartilage technique with 4-mm suture spacing showed variable results; smaller bites and nylon suture may improve outcomes.
- Ex vivo setup using frozen-thawed tracheae is a limitation, but prior studies support comparability with fresh tissue.
Veterinary Surgery
5
2022
Influence of age on resistance to distraction after tracheal anastomoses in dogs: An ex vivo study
2022-5-VS-brisimi-2
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Key Findings