🔍 Key Findings

• 48% of the intra-articular biceps tendon was visible at a standing angle; this increased to 63% in flexion (p = 0.0003).
• 58% of the medial glenohumeral ligament's cranial border was within view.
• 20% of the subscapularis tendon was visualized via the standard lateral arthroscopic approach.
• Visibility was assessed using tattoo ink markers and confirmed via dissection in cadavers.
• Limitations of standard lateral portals may lead to underdiagnosis of deeper or distal pathology in these structures.

🔍 Key Findings

• This anatomical study mapped fascial planes of the canine hindlimb and pelvis to aid superficial tumor resection.
• Type I fascia (discrete sheets) was suitable for deep margins in fascia lata, lateral crus, and gluteal regions.
• Areas with poor or absent fascia included the ischiorectal fossa, femoral triangle, stifle extensor mechanism, and pes.
• Type IV fascia associated with periosteum (e.g., patella, tibial tuberosity) required partial ostectomy for inclusion in surgical margins.
• Nerves at risk during deep dissection included obturator, superficial peroneal, and tibial nerves, particularly in regions with weak fascia.
• In males, bulbospongiosus muscle could act as a fascial plane but dissection was challenging and potentially hemorrhagic.
• In females, constrictor vulvae/vestibulae muscles were tightly associated with mucosa, limiting clean resection options.
• Distal hindlimb resections often lacked a usable fascial plane, suggesting that amputation or adjuvant therapy may be more appropriate.

🔍 Key Findings

From Allaith et al., 2023 – Outcomes from a multiuser canine hip replacement registry

• 2375 total hip replacements were analyzed across 1852 dogs, making this the largest multiuser canine THR dataset to date.
• Most common indications for THR were hip dysplasia (51%) and osteoarthritis (34%).
• Implants used included Kyon (46%), BioMedtrix CFX (22%), Hybrid (11%), BFX (9%), and Helica (4.5%).
• Veterinary-reported complication rate was 8.5%, while owner-reported was 23%, with moderate agreement (k=0.44).
• Most common complications: Luxation, femoral fracture, and aseptic loosening.
• BioMedtrix BFX and Helica implants had a higher risk of complications when used after femoral head and neck excision (P = .031).
• Postoperative LOAD scores significantly improved vs preoperative (21 → 11; P < .0001), supporting improved mobility.
• Owner satisfaction was high, with 88% rating outcome as very good or good.

🔍 Key Findings

• Liver lobectomy was the most common treatment (27/36 dogs), with multiple lobes removed in ~1/3 of cases.
• Septic peritonitis was present in 21/23 sampled dogs, making it a frequent complication.
• Perioperative complications occurred in 21/36 dogs, including aspiration pneumonia, pancreatitis, and acute kidney injury.
• Intraoperative hypotension was common (32/36), often requiring vasopressors or colloids.
• Mortality prior to discharge was 21% (8/38), with deaths related to sepsis, aspiration pneumonia, and multi-organ dysfunction.
• Median survival time was 638 days in dogs surviving to discharge.
• No recurrence of hepatic abscessation was observed in the surviving population.
• E. coli and Clostridium spp. were the most commonly cultured organisms, often as single-agent infections.

🔍 Key Findings

• Spinal stabilization with 3D-printed patient-specific drill guides (3D-PSGs) was safe, with no immediate perioperative complications reported.
• 84% of pedicle screws were optimally placed, and only 0.5% breached the spinal canal, reflecting high placement accuracy.
• 80% of dogs experienced no neurologic deterioration postoperatively, indicating reliable short-term safety.
• 3D-PSGs were accurate and reproducible, even across multiple institutions and surgeons.
• Mid-term outcomes were favorable: all dogs were ambulatory, and 90% had static or improved neurologic signs.
• 7 of 10 mid-term follow-ups showed abnormal gait, though owners rated lifestyle ≥3/5, suggesting acceptable function.
• 3D-printed guides enabled precise pedicle screw placement in deformed vertebrae, expanding options in small breeds.
• One dog suffered a T4 spinous process fracture due to overextension of PMMA cement, emphasizing the need for cement placement caution.

🔍 Key Findings

• Cricoarytenoid lateralization (CAL) resulted in a significantly greater increase in rima glottidis area at both immediate (205%) and 15-day (199%) time points compared to thyroarytenoid lateralization (TAL) (152% and 127%, respectively).
• TAL group showed a significant reduction in rima glottidis area between immediate and 15-day postoperative measurements (P < .05), while CAL group had no significant reduction over time.
• No dogs in either group showed postoperative complications, including aspiration pneumonia, at the 15-day follow-up.
• All dogs showed improved clinical signs, including decreased stridor and increased exercise tolerance by day 15.
• CAL produced more stable postoperative glottic area, potentially due to preserved anatomical tension, whereas TAL might experience tension loss due to thyroid cartilage repositioning.
• Both procedures were technically effective and performed under the same protocol by a single board-certified surgeon.
• Endoscopic image analysis was used to quantify rima glottidis area, demonstrating a reliable objective method for surgical outcome assessment.
• Clinical outcome did not differ between groups, despite CAL showing a larger rima glottidis area.

🔍 Key Findings

• Primary repair of NSAID-associated full-thickness gastroduodenal ulcers was successful in 73% (8/11) of cases.
• NSAID overdose, concurrent corticosteroid use, or extended duration were identified in 9/11 dogs and were major contributors to ulceration.
• All perforations were in the pylorus or proximal duodenum, locations suitable for primary closure.
• No significant association between ulcer size or location and postoperative survival.
• Preoperative hyperlactatemia trended toward increased mortality (P = .0544; OR 2.045).
• Postoperative vasopressor use was linked with a 9-fold increased risk of mortality (P = .0545).
• Dehiscence was rare, suspected in only 1 of 11 cases, indicating that primary repair is structurally sound in selected cases.
• Median follow-up of 444 days showed long-term survival was achievable post-primary repair.

🔍 Key Findings

• Proximal BODPUOs (closer to 26–28% of ulna length) resulted in greater increases in proximal ulna tilt postoperatively (up to 18°).
• Distal osteotomies (closer to 48–49%) yielded minimal change in ulna angle.
• Strong linear relationship between osteotomy location and change in angle; correlation coefficient = 0.73.
• Initial proximal ulna angle (IPUA) influences results—angles closer to 90° yielded greater changes.
• Craniocaudal osteotomy angle had minimal impact on tilt change after adjusting for location.
• Osteotomy length had no significant effect on change in angle.
• Prediction intervals showed wide individual variation in outcomes, especially with more proximal osteotomies.
• No increase in complications was associated with more proximal osteotomies, contrary to past assumptions.

🔍 Key Findings

• Overall complication rate was 19.7% (43/218), with most being mild (CSS 1).
• Soft tissue procedures had higher complication rates (26%) than orthopedic procedures (11.6%) (P < 0.01).
• No difference in complication rates between clean, clean-contaminated, and contaminated wounds (P = 0.55).
• No difference in complication rates between labeled use (CCL surgery) and off-label orthopedic procedures (P = 0.21).
• Majority of complications (63%) were mild, resolving without intervention or with topical therapy.
• Severe complications requiring revision surgery were rare (2.3%) and occurred mainly in soft-tissue surgeries.
• Most common complications included SSI (25.6%), dehiscence (16.3%), and seroma (14%).
• Liposomal bupivacaine appears safe for use in broader orthopedic procedures beyond current labeling.

🔍 Key Findings Summary

• IMN provides relative stability, resists bending/torsion due to central axis alignment
• Larger diameter nails = exponentially greater stiffness (∝ D⁴)
• Trade-off: Larger interlocking holes weaken fatigue strength of the nail
• Reaming increases contact/stability but has pros/cons:
  • Improves outcomes in closed fractures
  • May reduce endosteal blood flow in thin-walled bones (e.g., cats)
• Design advances:
  • Angle-stable IMN reduce rotational slack
  • Expandable nails simplify insertion but may compromise removal or compressive load resistance
  • Precontoured nails match bone curvature but lack consistent clinical superiority
• Material debates continue (e.g., titanium vs. stainless steel vs. magnesium)