Your Custom Quiz
In Lopez Barroso 2026 et al., on sacroiliac screw accuracy, what was the reported mean percentage of sacroiliac joint reduction?
🔍 Key Findings
- Mean SI joint reduction was 94.25%, exceeding the 90% target considered important to reduce screw loosening
- Mean sacral width purchase was 82.52%, with all screws achieving >60%—a threshold for reducing implant loosening risk
- All 20 screws were accurately placed within the sacral body, confirmed via CT or radiographs
- A 3D-printed drill guide and table-bound system facilitated consistent screw placement via minimally invasive technique
- Craniocaudal and dorsoventral angles were well controlled (mean CCA = –1.22°, DVA = 0.71°), demonstrating accurate trajectory
- No intraoperative complications were reported; all pilot holes drilled on first attempt
- Use of fluoroscopy and orthogonal imaging enhanced surgical accuracy and reduced malposition risk
- The system permitted screw placement through a sleeve that doubled as a muscle retractor, allowing implant delivery without disruption
Veterinary Surgery
1
2026
Accuracy of a table‐bound reduction and drill guide system for minimally invasive sacroiliac screw placement in cats
2026-1-vs-lopezbarroso-1
In Banks 2024 et al., which surgical factor was significantly associated with under-correction of TPA?
🔍 Key Findings Summary
- Study Design: Retrospective study of 100 radiographs using in silico and clinical data
- Mean preoperative TPA: 28.6°, higher in small dogs than large (p = .02)
- Mean planned TPA (in silico): 7.6°, not achieving 5° target (p < .01)
- Median postoperative TPA: 5.5° overall; higher in small dogs (7°) vs large (4.5°) (p = .06)
- Postoperative ostectomy position: More distal than recommended; average = 8.6 mm
- Increased distalization → greater under-correction of TPA (p = .01)
- Most accurate correction occurred when ostectomy was ≤7.5 mm from patellar tendon
- Wedge angle categories (TPA-Pre minus 5–2°) were used based on pre-op TPA
Veterinary Surgery
1
2024
A mismatch of planning and achieved tibial plateau angle in cranial closing wedge surgery: An in silico and clinical evaluation of 100 cases
2024-1-VS-banks-3
In Kang 2026 et al., on 3D-printed locking plates, which insertion torque produced the greatest push-out strength across constructs?
🔍 Key Findings
- Directly 3D-printed locking plate holes can achieve mechanical performance comparable to machined plates when printed at optimal orientation (0°).
- All 3D-printed plates failed at 2.0 Nm insertion torque due to thread deformation, while machined ARIX plates tolerated this torque without failure.
- Build orientation significantly affected mechanical strength, with push-out strength ranking: ARIX > 3D-0° > 3D-45° > 3D-90°.
- Insertion torque was a major determinant of push-out strength, with 1.1 Nm (manufacturer-recommended torque) producing the highest strength.
- Low torque combined with screw angulation (15°) resulted in the lowest push-out strength, demonstrating reduced screw–plate engagement.
- Screw angulation alone did not significantly reduce strength when torque was adequate, likely due to the ARIX double-lead thread design allowing engagement up to 15°.
- Additive manufacturing produced threads with lower hardness compared with machined threads, explaining deformation at excessive torque.
- Integrated 3D-printed locking systems may enable patient-specific implants without post-machining, potentially improving implant conformity and surgical efficiency.
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology
2
2026
Feasibility of Integrating Locking Plate System into Additively Manufactured Implants: A Mechanical Comparison of Three-Dimensional-Printed and Machined Locking Hole Threads
2026-2-vcot-kang-3
In Blatt 2026 et al., on carotid ligation approaches, which anatomical relationship was consistently identified and provides a key landmark for surgical isolation of the common carotid artery?
🔍 Key Findings
- Both lateral and ventral approaches reliably permitted CCA isolation and ligation at the level of the MRLN, with or without concurrent lymphadenectomy; bilateral temporary ligation was successful in all 12 cadavers.
- The CCA was consistently dorsomedial to the MRLN, while the MRLN was medial to the caudodorsal mandibular salivary gland (MSG), providing reproducible landmarks for surgical orientation.
- Concurrent lymphadenectomy can be incorporated into the same surgical approach, permitting removal of the mandibular and medial retropharyngeal lymph nodes while gaining access to the CCA.
- Brachycephalic dogs had a significantly deeper CCA from the lateral approach than the ventral approach (44.8 ± 12.8 vs 29.3 ± 8.3 mm; p = .02), which may influence approach selection.
- No gross vascular trauma occurred after temporary CCA ligation, although careful dissection was required to avoid the adjacent vagosympathetic trunk.
- One inadvertent mandibular salivary gland capsular disruption occurred during a lateral approach without lymphadenectomy; Figure 2 demonstrates this complication and the close relationship of the MRLN, CCA, and vagosympathetic trunk.
- CCA ligation was performed at the cranial two-thirds of the MRLN, caudal to the internal carotid branching, placing the operative site near the carotid sinus and raising potential concerns for bradycardia and hypotension in live patients.
- Clinical efficacy remains unproven because this was a CT/cadaveric study; the authors specifically recommend in vivo evaluation of hemorrhage control, hemodynamic effects, and procedural complications.
Veterinary Surgery
6
2026
Surgical approach for common carotid ligation at the level of the medial retropharyngeal lymph node in dogs: A comparative cadaveric study
2026-6-vs-blatt-1
In Saylak 2026 et al., on feline ilium fixation, which statement best describes postoperative preservation of the pelvic canal?
🔍 Key Findings
- All 36 feline corpus ilium fractures achieved union after fixation with either M-CRIF (n = 18) or conventional locking plates (n = 18).
- M-CRIF produced faster mid-term radiographic healing, with higher day-45 healing scores than locking plates (2.72 ± 0.46 vs 1.89 ± 0.83; p = .002); later healing scores were comparable.
- M-CRIF better preserved pelvic canal dimensions, with significantly less sacral index narrowing than plate fixation (p = .005).
- Screw loosening occurred in 22.2% (4/18) of plate cases but in none of the M-CRIF cases; one plate case required revision with an additional dorsal plate.
- The modified implant increased screw-placement flexibility, permitting four locking screws cranial and two caudal to the fracture while allowing clamps to be positioned at the required location and angle.
- M-CRIF required longer operative application, primarily because the rod had to be contoured intraoperatively, although application time decreased with surgeon experience.
- Neurological deficits decreased from 22.2% preoperatively to 5.5% postoperatively, suggesting generally favorable neurological recovery in the selected population.
- M-CRIF was considered a reliable alternative to conventional plating, offering greater fixation stability, fewer implant-related complications, and improved preservation of pelvic canal width.
Veterinary Surgery
6
2026
Locked plate versus modified clamp-rod internal fixation for feline corpus ilium fractures: A comparative clinical study
2026-6-vs-saylak-4
In Loh 2024 et al., on treatment outcomes for CvHL in dogs, which factor was associated with improved success in nonsurgical treatment?
🔍 Key Findings
- Low-trauma events caused 82.9% of CvHL cases; Poodles and poodle-crosses represented 49.4% of cases.
- Success rate of hobbles (61.8%) was significantly higher than closed reduction alone (10.3%) or Ehmer sling (18.5%).
- Multivariate analysis found hobbles 7.62x more likely to succeed vs. closed reduction (p = .001).
- Specialist surgeons had higher success with nonsurgical management (OR: 2.68; p = .047).
- Older age associated with better outcomes (OR: 1.15 per year; p < .0005).
- Ehmer sling is not recommended due to high failure and complication rates (60.6%).
- Toggle rod stabilization had a high surgical success rate (88.2%) with low complication.
- No link was found between CvHL and hip dysplasia or OA in most cases (only 2/108 showed OA).
Veterinary Surgery
4
2024
Caudoventral hip luxation in 160 dogs (2003–2023): A multicenter retrospective case series
2024-4-VS-loh-3
In Adams 2024 et al., on canine tibial plateau fractures, which approach was used for lateral TPFs?
🔍 Key Findings
- Tibial plateau fractures (TPF) are rare in dogs, but can be surgically stabilized with good outcomes even in complex trauma cases.
- Lateral TPFs (Unger type 41-B1) were approached via caudolateral arthrotomy, with elevation of the lateral meniscus for visualization and use of lag screws and K-wires for fixation.
- Medial TPF (Unger type 41-B2) was addressed via medial parapatellar approach using K-wires and a figure-of-eight tension band.
- One minor complication occurred: implant yield at 2 weeks in a case with a concurrent fibular fracture, resulting in a 0.8 mm step defect.
- No major complications were recorded, and all dogs achieved clinical union with full function by 8–10 weeks.
- Long-term owner-reported outcomes (LOAD scores) were excellent (5/52), indicating minimal osteoarthritis or chronic pain.
- Concurrent fibular fractures may increase risk of implant failure and should influence implant selection (e.g., considering buttress plating).
- Arthroscopic-assisted techniques may be applicable in select cases, but open reduction was preferred due to fragment displacement or concurrent injuries.
Veterinary Surgery
6
2024
Prospective evaluation of the surgical stabilization and outcome of canine tibial plateau fractures in three cases
2024-6-VS-adams-3
In Huels 2025 et al., on second-generation screw cup THA, what was the primary functional outcome observed in dogs following SCSL THA?
🔍 Key Findings
- Total complication rate was 16.7%, with 5/30 hips experiencing major complications, mostly related to the femoral component.
- Cup-associated complications were rare (3.3%), with only one case of acetabular cup luxation attributed to surgical technique rather than implant failure.
- No cases of late aseptic loosening were observed during a median follow-up of 17.5 months.
- Implant stability was attributed to the SCSL's porous, trabecular titanium surface, enhancing osseointegration.
- Three femoral stem fractures occurred in a single dog, leading to implant removal; material testing was not performed.
- Most complications were femoral in origin (6/7), not acetabular, suggesting improved performance of the SCSL.
- Explantation rate was 13% (4/30), but some removals were due to owner preference against revision.
- Subjective functional outcome was full recovery in 26/30 hips, including one with successful revision of stem subsidence.
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology
2
2025
Complications and Long-Term Outcome in 30 Canine Total Hip Arthroplasties Using a Second-Generation Selective Laser Melted Screw Cup
2025-2-VCOT-huels-5
In Fitzpatrick 2024 et al., on ESF for pelvic fractures in cats, what percentage of cases showed implant loosening on follow-up radiographs?
🔍 Key Findings
- External skeletal fixation (ESF) was successfully applied to a variety of pelvic fracture types in cats, including sacroiliac luxations and ilial body fractures.
- All fractures achieved radiographic union within 9 weeks, even in comminuted or complex configurations.
- No intraoperative or long-term complications were reported during the study period.
- Implant loosening was observed radiographically in 13% of cases, with 8% of pins found to be loose at frame removal.
- ESF enabled indirect fracture reduction using components as handles, with a limited open approach minimizing soft tissue disruption.
- No iatrogenic neurological deficits were observed, supporting safe pin placement near neurovascular structures, although some cats presented with pre-existing neurologic signs.
- No cases required revision surgery, and all cats underwent stabilization solely with ESF as per study inclusion criteria.
- Postoperative hospitalization ranged from 2 to 5 days, though no comparison to other fixation types was evaluated.
Veterinary Surgery
7
2024
External skeletal fixation for the treatment of pelvic fractures in cats
2024-7-VS-fitzpatrick-2
In Canever 2022 et al., on labial flap vascular anatomy, what postoperative complication occurred in Case 1 that required management?
🔍 Key Findings
- Superior and inferior labial arteries in cats perfuse robust angiosomes, which support musculomucosal axial pattern flaps.
- Cadaver angiography confirmed vascular anatomy, with consistent patterns between sides and among specimens.
- The vascular supply is located primarily in the musculomucosal layer, not the skin, critical for flap viability.
- Flap harvest requires inclusion of the orbicularis oris (± buccinator) muscle to ensure vascular integrity and flap survival.
- Two clinical cases demonstrated successful use of superior and inferior labial musculomucosal flaps for palatal reconstruction with complete flap survival and resolution of clinical signs.
- Intraoperative transillumination aided vessel localization, facilitating surgical planning and flap design.
- No cases of distal flap necrosis or dehiscence occurred, although mild donor site morbidity (lip retraction, mucosal denuding) was noted.
- These flaps offer a valuable option when local tissues are compromised, especially after failed previous repairs or radiation therapy.
Veterinary Surgery
4
2022
Evaluation of the superior and inferior labial musculomucosal flaps in cats: An angiographic study and case series
2022-4-VS-canever-4
Quiz Results
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Key Findings