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In Wolfe 2025 et al., on endoscopic corpectomy feasibility, which intraoperative structure did NOT require resection to achieve target dimensions?
🔍 Key Findings
- Integrated endoscopic mini-hemilaminectomy and lateral corpectomy was feasible at all targeted sites from T11–12 through L3–4.
- Target corpectomy dimensions were achieved or exceeded at every included intervertebral disc space.
- Median corpectomy dimensions were ~23% vertebral body length, ~47% body height, and ~74% vertebral canal diameter.
- Thoracic sites required a steeper learning curve, with early failures related to cannula positioning rather than drilling limitations.
- Angled positioning (30°–60° away from the surgeon) subjectively improved drill trajectory and facilitated horizontal corpectomy access.
- No rib head resection or rhizotomy was required to achieve target dimensions using the endoscopic system.
- Excellent visualization of nerve roots and spinal cord was achieved through the 23-mm endoscopic cannula.
- Incorrect intervertebral disc localization was the most common technical error, highlighting the value of intraoperative fluoroscopy.
Veterinary Surgery
8
2025
Integrated endoscopic thoracolumbar mini-hemilaminectomy and lateral corpectomy in cadaver dogs
2025-8-vs-wolfe-4
In Walter de Bruyn 2024 et al., on orthogonal plate fixation, what was the effect of working length on construct stiffness?
🔍 Key Findings Summary
- Primary 3.5-mm LCP used with short (SWL), medium (MWL), and long (LWL) working lengths
- Addition of orthogonal 2.7-mm LCP resulted in:
- Significantly higher bending stiffness for SWL, MWL, and LWL (p < 0.0001)
- Higher torsional stiffness for MWL and LWL (not for SWL)
- Significantly lower strain across all working lengths in bending (p < 0.01)
- Working length inversely related to construct stiffness and directly to plate strain
- Orthogonal plates eliminated stiffness differences across working lengths in bending
- Suggests orthogonal plates can improve implant fatigue life and allow compensation when short working lengths are unachievable
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopedics and Traumatology
4
2024
Effect of an Orthogonal Locking Plate and Primary Plate Working Length on Construct Stiffness and Plate Strain in an In vitro Fracture-Gap Model
2024-4-VCOT-walterdebruyn-1
In Pfeil 2024 et al., on fluoroscopic pinning, which of the following was observed in 42% of FGNMP-treated fractures?
🔍 Key Findings
- Fluoroscopically guided normograde metabone pinning (FGNMP) was used to treat 17 animals (15 dogs and 2 cats) with 57 metabone fractures, including various fracture configurations (short-oblique body, physeal, and comminuted).
- All 57 fractures were stabilized using intramedullary pins via FGNMP. The study exclusively focused on pin fixation and did not include screws or combined fixation techniques.
- Median surgical time was 54 minutes (range 26–99 min), indicating efficient procedural execution.
- Radiographic bone union was achieved in all fractures, with a median time to union of 6 weeks (range 4–12 weeks). Union was confirmed in all initially non-united fractures on follow-up.
- No major complications were reported. A single pressure sore at the olecranon resolved uneventfully, and no pin migration or osteomyelitis was observed.
- Pin extensions were noted radiographically (e.g., 42% distal subchondral overextension), but were not associated with clinical problems.
- Fluoroscopic guidance improved implant accuracy and preserved soft tissue, enabling effective fracture alignment and stabilization using this minimally invasive osteosynthesis (MIO) approach.
- The authors concluded that FGNMP is an effective, safe, and minimally invasive method for a variety of metabone fracture types, yielding quick recovery, fast healing, and good to excellent long-term functional outcomes in all 17 cases.
Veterinary Surgery
5
2024
Outcomes of 15 dogs and two cats with metabone fractures treated with fluoroscopically guided normograde metabone pinning
2024-5-VS-pfeil-3
In Holman 2024 et al., on shoulder arthroscopy, what proportion of the biceps tendon was visible arthroscopically with the shoulder in flexion?
🔍 Key Findings
- 48% of the intra-articular biceps tendon was visible at a standing angle; this increased to 63% in flexion (p = 0.0003).
- 58% of the medial glenohumeral ligament's cranial border was within view.
- 20% of the subscapularis tendon was visualized via the standard lateral arthroscopic approach.
- Visibility was assessed using tattoo ink markers and confirmed via dissection in cadavers.
- Limitations of standard lateral portals may lead to underdiagnosis of deeper or distal pathology in these structures.
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopedics and Traumatology
1
2024
Quantification of the Field of View for Standard Lateral Arthroscopy of the Canine Shoulder
2024-1-VCOT-holman-1
In Scheuermann 2024 et al., on 3D-printed reduction systems, how did the complication rates compare between groups?
🔍 Key Findings
- The study was a historic case-control trial comparing custom 3D-printed VSP-guided MIPO (3D-MIPO) to conventional MIPO (c-MIPO) in dogs with diaphyseal tibial fractures.
- Surgical time was significantly shorter in the 3D-MIPO group (117 min vs. 151 min; p = .014), and fluoroscopy use was dramatically reduced (11 vs. 37 images; p < .001).
- All 3D-MIPO reductions were acceptable or near-anatomic; 2 c-MIPO dogs had unacceptable reductions.
- Tibial length, frontal, and sagittal alignment post-op were similar between groups; no significant difference in anatomic restoration (p > .1).
- Radiographic union occurred in all dogs by 3 months. Time to union was similar between groups (3D-MIPO: 67 days vs. c-MIPO: 53 days; p = .207).
- Postoperative complication rate was higher in 3D-MIPO (27% vs. 14%), including 2 major infections requiring implant removal.
- 3D-MIPO required more pre-op time (~23 hours longer from presentation to surgery; p = .002), partly due to guide printing/sterilization.
- Improved surgical efficiency and more consistent reductions were noted in the 3D-MIPO group, supporting its clinical utility despite increased pre-op logistics.
Veterinary Surgery
6
2024
Virtual surgical planning and use of a 3D‐printed, patient‐specific reduction system for minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis of diaphyseal tibial fractures in dogs: A historic case control study
2024-6-VS-scheuermann2-5
In Massari 2026 et al., on laparoscopic PPDH repair, what was the primary reason for conversion to open surgery in one case?
🔍 Key Findings
- Laparoscopic PPDH repair was successful in 92% (12/13) of cases, with only one conversion due to CO₂-induced pericardial tamponade
- Low insufflation pressures (3–4 mmHg) were critical to minimize cardiopulmonary compromise while maintaining adequate visualization
- No major (Grade ≥3) complications occurred, with only minor issues (15.5% delayed wound healing, 7.7% seroma)
- All patients survived and had successful long-term outcomes, with imaging confirming repair at 6 months
- Adhesions were the most common intraoperative challenge, especially involving liver or pericardium, occasionally requiring organ resection
- Barbed sutures and endoscopic suturing devices improved efficiency, particularly for intracorporeal closure
- Intraoperative decompression (needle or drain) helped prevent tension pneumopericardium, a key complication risk
- PPDH-SDC grading system aids case selection, with Grades A–B ideal for laparoscopy, C case-dependent, and D–E unsuitable
Veterinary Surgery
3
2026
Laparoscopic repair of peritoneopericardial hernias: Multicentric retrospective case series of 12 dogs and one cat
2026-3-vs-massari-1
In Suematsu 2026 et al., on W-shaped tracheal collapse, what was the approximate odds ratio for preoperative oxygen support in WTC compared to TTC dogs?
🔍 Key Findings
- Dogs with W-shaped tracheal collapse (WTC) had significantly more stridor and labored breathing preoperatively than those with traditional collapse (TTC) (p < .0001 and p = .0419).
- WTC dogs were 12.1× more likely to require preoperative oxygen support than TTC dogs.
- All dogs (TTC and WTC) survived to discharge after CETP placement; no intraoperative deaths occurred.
- Postoperative laryngeal paralysis occurred in 5 dogs (7.2%), with similar rates between TTC and WTC groups.
- Recurrent tracheal collapse occurred in 3 dogs (1 TTC, 2 WTC), all requiring additional stenting.
- 36-month survival was 75.7% (TTC) and 90.9% (WTC), not statistically different.
- Multivariate analysis showed Yorkshire Terriers (HR = 19.3) and older age (HR = 1.35 per year) were significantly associated with reduced survival.
- CETP was safe and effective for WTC, despite more severe preoperative signs, offering a viable alternative to stenting.
Veterinary Surgery
1
2026
Long‐term outcomes of dogs with W‐shaped or traditional tracheal collapse treated with a continuous extraluminal tracheal prosthesis: A retrospective study
2026-1-vs-suematsu-2
In Rehnblom 2025 et al., on OrthoLine fracture fixation, what was the reported clinical union rate?
🔍 Key Findings
- High clinical union rate (93.4%) was achieved across 75 fractures treated with the OrthoLine™ system.
- Owner-assessed outcomes were universally acceptable or full, with no unacceptable outcomes reported.
- Overall major complication rate was 12.2%, including implant failure (1.1%) and implant infection (2 cases).
- Shorter plate spans in radial (46.6%) and ulnar (33.0%) fractures were well tolerated without increased nonunion.
- Femoral constructs used longer plate spans (73.3%) compared with radius/ulna, reflecting differing biomechanical demands.
- Use of postoperative external coaptation was common (46.7%) and associated with higher minor bandage-related complications.
- Titanium alloy and stainless-steel plates both produced acceptable healing, with no delayed unions attributable to material choice.
- The OrthoLine™ system was deemed a promising alternative locking plate system for small animal fracture repair.
Veterinary Surgery
8
2025
Open reduction and internal fixation of 75 small animal fractures treated with the OrthoLine™ fracture system
2025-8-vs-rehnblom-1
In Klever 2024 et al., what effect does a dorsoventral projection have on Norberg angle measurements?
🔍 Key Findings
- Dorsoventral radiographs artificially increase Norberg angle values by 3.2–5.8% and should be excluded.
- Lateral pelvic tilt >2° causes asymmetric changes in Norberg angle; >3° results in significant side-specific changes.
- Cranioventral-to-caudodorsal tilt >10° results in obvious radiographic tilt, but changes Norberg angle by only ~2%.
- Tilted but subjectively acceptable images have minor impact and may still be usable for screening.
- Norberg angle readings differed consistently between left/right hips — possibly due to operator handedness.
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopedics and Traumatology
1
2024
Influence of Femoral Position and Pelvic Projection on Norberg Angle Measurements
2024-1-VCOT-klever-1
In Thompson 2024 et al., on cyanoacrylate enterotomy sealants, what was the most common leak location in the cyanoacrylate-only (CE) group?
🔍 Key Findings
- Highest initial leak pressure (ILP) observed in the handsewn + cyanoacrylate (HS + CE) group: 83.3 ± 4.6 mmHg (p < .001 vs. others).
- Lowest ILP: cyanoacrylate-only group (CE): 18.6 ± 3.5 mmHg.
- No significant MIP difference between handsewn (HSE) and HS + CE groups (p = .19); CE had significantly lower MIP (22.7 mmHg).
- Leak location:
- HSE: 60% from suture holes
- CE: 100% from incisional line
- HS + CE: 60% from incisional line, 40% from suture holes
- Authors conclude cyanoacrylate augmentation significantly increases ILP and could reduce enterotomy leakage risk.
Veterinary Surgery
2
2024
Effects of cyanoacrylate on leakage pressures of cooled canine cadaveric jejunal enterotomies
2024-2-VS-thompson-2
Quiz Results
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Key Findings