Your Custom Quiz
In Scheuermann 2023 et al., on femoral MIPO alignment, which statement about fluoroscopy use is most accurate?
🔍 Key Findings
- Precontoured plates using 3D-printed femoral models achieved near-anatomic alignment in all cadaver limbs.
- Fracture reduction system (FRS) required significantly fewer fluoroscopy images than intramedullary pin (IMP) methods (7 vs 26, P = .001).
- Despite longer surgical time (43 vs 29 minutes, P = .011), FRS showed equally accurate or better alignment compared to IMP.
- Femoral length, frontal, sagittal, and axial alignment were all within near-anatomic thresholds (<10 mm or <5° deviation) in both groups.
- FRS was associated with more consistent length maintenance, with IMP showing a median shortening of 2.3 mm (P = .03).
- Axial plane deviation was statistically different in the FRS group (P = .04), but still clinically acceptable.
- Study highlights potential for custom 3D-printed guides to reduce radiation exposure and improve precision in MIPO procedures.
- Authors caution that FRS was time-consuming and cumbersome, suggesting design refinements needed for clinical use.
Veterinary Surgery
6
2023
Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis of femoral fractures with 3D‐printed bone models and custom surgical guides: A cadaveric study in dogs
2023-6-VS-scheuermann-1
In Barrett 2023 et al., on complication grading systems, which grading system demonstrated **greater detail** and less subjectivity in defining complication types?
🔍 Key Findings
- Cook system had good reliability across all cases (ICC = 0.848), even when complications, sequelae, and failure-to-cure were included.
- aCD system had excellent reliability when excluding sequelae/failure-to-cure cases (ICC = 0.975) but only moderate reliability when including them (ICC = 0.620).
- Majority of complications (60–63%) were graded as Grade 3 in the aCD system, corresponding to surgical or anesthetic intervention.
- Cook system classified most cases (78–81%) as major complications.
- Assessors had difficulty distinguishing sequelae from Grade 1 complications, and failure-to-cure from Grades 1–2, reducing aCD reliability.
- The aCD system offers more resolution (5 grades vs. 3) and less subjectivity through objective definitions.
- Novel terminology (e.g., sequelae, failure to cure) in the aCD system may hinder its uptake without proper training.
- Reclassifying expected events (e.g., swelling, bruising) as sequelae could significantly reduce reported complication rates in other studies.
Veterinary Surgery
1
2023
Comparison of two postoperative complication grading systems after treatment of stifle and shoulder instability in 68 dogs
2023-1-VS-barrett-3
In Deveci 2025 et al., on 3D drill guides, what best describes the study’s primary conclusion?
🔍 Key Findings
- Objective: Evaluate feasibility and accuracy of 3D-printed patient-specific drill guides for iliosacral screw placement in cadaver dogs.
- N = 10 canine cadavers (20 hemipelves); screw placement done using fluoroscopic-assisted patient-specific guides (PSG).
- Median cortical breach grade: 0 (IQR 0–1) for all screws.
19/20 screws breached sacral canal wall (all ≤ grade 2), but no screws breached canal contents (grade 3). - Median trajectory deviation: 0.88° transverse, 0.72° dorsal.
- Procedure time: Median 7.2 minutes for guide placement and drilling.
- Conclusions: PSG-assisted screw placement was safe, accurate, and fast, offering clinical potential in pelvic trauma.
Veterinary Surgery
2
2025
Evaluation of 3D‐printed patient‐specific guides to facilitate fluoroscopic‐assisted iliosacral screw placement in dogs
2025-2-VS-deveci-5
In Alvarez 2024 et al., which quadrant had significantly reduced compression when only Kern forceps were used?
🔍 Key Findings Summary
- F + P (forceps + plate compression) achieved the most uniform, high-pressure distribution across all quadrants.
- Kern forceps alone concentrated force in craniomedial quadrant, reducing caudal compression.
- Combining Kern + F improved craniolateral compression but did not restore caudal compression.
- Plate compression alone yielded caudal bias, not uniform pressure.
- Significant inter-method variation in quadrant-specific compression confirmed via ANOVA (p < 0.001 for all quadrants).
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopedics and Traumatology
2
2024
In Vitro Assessment of Compression Patterns Using Different Methods to Achieve Interfragmentary Compression during Tibial Plateau Levelling Osteotomy
2024-2-VCOT-alvarez-2
In Stoneburner 2024 et al., on MIS survey results, what was the most commonly cited barrier to performing more MIS procedures?
🔍 Key Findings
- The survey included 111 practicing surgeons and 28 residents from ACVS, ECVS, and ANZCVS. 98.2% had performed soft tissue minimally invasive surgery (MIS).
- In the past year, surgeons reported a median caseload of 90% basic laparoscopy, 0% advanced laparoscopy, and 10% thoracoscopy; for residents: 100% basic laparoscopy, 0% advanced, 0% thoracoscopy.
- Laparoscopic ovariectomy and OHE were the most commonly performed MIS procedures, with most respondents proficient in basic laparoscopy, but few performing advanced laparoscopy or thoracoscopy.
- Top barriers to MIS adoption were: lack of consistent caseload, lack of training, difficult learning curve, equipment limitations, and cost.
- 76.6% of surgeons and 92.9% of residents received MIS training during residency. Those trained had completed residency median 6 years ago, compared to 22 years ago for those without MIS training (p < .001). Perceived adequate training correlated with higher proficiency.
- MIS was recognized as having a steep learning curve, but patient benefits (mean score 4.0/5) were the top motivation — less pain, faster recovery, improved visualization.
- The authors conclude basic laparoscopy is widely adopted, but advanced and thoracoscopic MIS remain underutilized. Training and access are key to future growth.
- Expanded training and improved access to equipment are necessary to promote broader integration of MIS into veterinary soft-tissue surgery.
Veterinary Surgery
5
2024
Laparoscopy and thoracoscopy in small animal surgery: A 2020 survey of small animal surgical diplomates and residents
2024-5-VS-stoneburner-4
In Peterson 2022 et al., on crescent guide in TPLO, what was the outcome of comparing osteotomy accuracy among the three devices?
🔍 Key Findings
- Crescent guide use resulted in significantly less medial cortical damage (mean 3.8 mm²) than the radial saw guide (35.7 mm²) and standard jig (51.3 mm²) in bone models.
- No significant difference in osteotomy accuracy (distance of eccentricity, coronal or axial angulation) among crescent guide, radial guide, or standard jig in either bone models or cadavers.
- Device application time was shortest with the crescent guide and longest for the radial saw guide.
- Osteotomy time was fastest with the crescent guide compared to the radial saw guide (P = .015).
- Participants rated the crescent guide easier to apply than both the radial saw guide (P < .005) and the standard jig (P = .015).
- 5 of 6 novice participants preferred the crescent guide over the other devices for performing TPLO.
- Subjective ease of osteotomy performance was higher with the crescent guide vs. radial guide (P < .001).
- Crescent guide does not assist in fragment stabilization or plateau rotation unlike a standard TPLO jig.
Veterinary Surgery
3
2022
Evaluation of a crescent saw guide for tibial plateau‐leveling osteotomy: An ex vivo study
2022-3-VS-peterson-2
In Kokkinos 2025 et al., on THR age effects, what was the most commonly reported perioperative complication?
🔍 Key Findings
- Study population: 116 dogs underwent cementless THR; grouped by age:
- Group A: ≤6 months (n = 27)
- Group B: >6 to ≤12 months (n = 41)
- Group C: >12 months (n = 48)
- Overall perioperative complication rate: 31.9% (37/116)
- Group A: 22.2%
- Group B: 26.8%
- Group C: 41.7%
- No significant difference in total complication rate by age (p = .207), though older dogs (Group C) had numerically higher rates.
- Luxation was significantly more common in dogs >12 months:
- Group C: 14.6% vs. Group A (0%) and Group B (2.4%) → p = .049
- Most common complications: luxation (9.5%) and intraoperative fissure or fracture (9.5%)
- Time under anesthesia and surgery duration were not associated with complication risk (p = .297 and p = .781)
- No infections or aseptic loosening observed during the 8-week follow-up.
Veterinary Surgery
3
2025
The influence of age at total hip replacement on perioperative complications in dogs
2025-3-VS-kokkinos-4
In Adrian 2024 et al., on feline pelvic fracture stabilization, what was the most commonly reported outcome according to the FMPI?
🔍 Key Findings
- 20 cats with pelvic fractures treated with SOP plates and cortical screws
- Full function reported in all patients per FMPI follow-up
- Screw loosening in 3/20 SOP cases; implant removal in 3 cats
- Median sacral index decrease at follow-up: 5.7%; mostly mild narrowing
- Complications: 5 major (3 SOP removals, 2 trochanter osteotomy issues); 20 minor
- SOP plate shown feasible even in challenging configurations; good functional outcomes
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopedics and Traumatology
1
2024
Use of Locking Plates Fixed with Cortical Screws for Pelvic Fracture Repair in 20 Cats
2024-1-VCOT-adrian-1
In Seger 2026 et al., on gossypiboma outcomes, which of the following was the most frequently observed clinical sign at re-presentation?
🔍 Key Findings
- Intra-abdominal gossypibomas were most common, with 20/21 cases located within the abdominal cavity.
- Most cases (11/21) resulted from ovariohysterectomy, highlighting this as a common inciting surgery.
- Time to presentation varied, with median of 13.5 days and signs like pyrexia, abdominal pain, and anorexia being common.
- Only 4/21 cases had perioperative sponge counts reported, indicating poor compliance with surgical safety protocols.
- Radiographic indicators were often absent, complicating imaging-based detection.
- Urgent reoperation was needed in nearly half (10/21) of the animals, emphasizing the acute presentation and need for rapid surgical intervention.
- Postoperative complications occurred in 4/21 animals, including sepsis, SIRS, and incontinence; 2 did not survive to discharge.
- Overall prognosis was favorable, with 19/21 animals surviving to discharge and 15 reported as doing well at 2-week follow-up.
Veterinary Surgery
1
2026
Presentation, diagnosis, and management of gossypibomas in veterinary specialty hospitals: A multi-institutional study of 21 cases
2026-1-vs-seger-2
In Espinel Rupérez 2023 et al., in Arthroscopic-assisted hip toggle stabilization in cats, what was the median total surgical time for AA-HTS?
🔍 Key Findings
- 14 joints from 7 cat cadavers underwent AA-HTS successfully.
- Median surgical time: 46.5 min (29–144), including 7 min for arthroscopy and 40 min for toggle placement.
- Intraoperative complications in 5/14 joints: 4 related to femoral tunnel creation, 1 toggle lodging.
- Toggle passage through femoral tunnel was the most challenging step, mildly difficult in 6 joints.
- Cartilage injury occurred in 10 joints, but all were minor (<10% of cartilage area).
- 13 deviations from planned technique were identified (8 major, 5 minor), all involving femoral tunnel placement.
- No neurovascular, intrapelvic, or major periarticular injuries occurred.
- Authors conclude: AA-HTS is feasible in cats, but associated with high rates of minor iatrogenic cartilage damage, intra-op complications, and technique deviations.
Veterinary Surgery
7
2023
Arthroscopic-assisted hip toggle stabilization in cats: An ex vivo feasibility study
2023-7-VS-espinel-5
Quiz Results
You answered 7 out of 10 questions correctly
Key Findings