🔍 Key Findings

• Synovial CRP was significantly lower in osteoarthritis than both IMPA and bacterial infective arthritis (p=0.001 for both comparisons).
• Synovial CRP could not differentiate IMPA from bacterial infective arthritis (p=0.721), limiting its value as a stand-alone diagnostic test.
• Median synovial CRP concentrations were 0.2 mg/L (OA), 65.79 mg/L (IMPA), and 60.8 mg/L (infective arthritis).
• Synovial CRP is useful for distinguishing inflammatory from non-inflammatory arthropathies, but not infectious from sterile inflammatory disease.
• Synovial neutrophil count positively correlated with synovial CRP in IMPA and infective arthritis, supporting CRP as a marker of joint inflammation.
• Serum and synovial CRP showed a moderate positive correlation in IMPA cases (r=0.52), although not statistically significant.
• Higher synovial CRP was associated with increased lameness severity in osteoarthritis (r=0.91, p=0.004).
• Diagnosis of bacterial infective arthritis remains multifactorial, requiring integration of history, cytology, culture, and treatment response rather than CRP alone.

🔍 Key Findings

• UHMWPE implant reconstruction resulted in successful long-term functional recovery in 11/12 limbs (91.7%) with complete follow-up, with restoration of normal tarsal motion in most cats.
• All injuries occurred at the tendino-osseous junction, with 53.8% being complete Achilles tendon ruptures and 46.2% partial gastrocnemius avulsions (Type IIc).
• No intraoperative complications occurred in any of the 13 repaired limbs.
• Complication rate was low (15.4%), with only one calcaneal fracture from screw malposition and one surgical site infection causing implant failure.
• External coaptation was not required in all cases, and outcomes did not differ between limbs with or without rigid coaptation.
• Median long-term follow-up was 18.5 months, with a median FMPI score of 1.5 indicating excellent owner-reported limb function.
• Calcaneal fracture risk was associated with distal interference screw malposition, emphasizing the importance of correct screw placement proximal and caudal to the talocalcaneal central joint.
• The technique may reduce complications associated with transarticular fixation or external skeletal fixation, potentially improving short-term recovery while preserving tendon loading during healing.

🔍 Key Findings

• CT correctly identified ectopic ureters in 91% of dogs, but missed 50% of normal ureters, limiting its negative predictive value.
• Sensitivity for intramural ectopic ureters was 65%, while specificity was 71%, indicating moderate diagnostic performance.
• Sensitivity for extramural ectopic ureters was only 29%, despite a high specificity of 97%.
• CT was inaccurate in predicting ureteral orifice location, with sensitivity ranging from 0% to 76% depending on the site.
• 26% of dogs were misclassified for cystoscopic laser ablation (CLA) eligibility based on CT findings alone.
• Overall CT accuracy for CLA candidacy was 74%, but a significant minority would have been inappropriately treated.
• Multivariate analysis found no predictive factors (e.g., colon distension, body weight) for when CT would be incorrect.
• Authors recommend confirmatory cystoscopy to verify CT findings prior to treatment planning.

🔍 Key Findings

PL-30 group (partial, TA30-V3 wedge):

• 100% leaked
• Median leakage pressure: 10 cm H₂O
• Most failures from periphery of staple line

PL-60 group (partial, TA60-3.5):

• 100% leaked
• Median leakage pressure: 18 cm H₂O
• Better than PL-30 (p = .006)

TL-30 group (total, TA30-V3):

• Only 1 of 11 leaked (at 22 cm H₂O)
• All others resisted pressures >50–65 cm H₂O
• Significantly higher leakage pressure than both PL groups (p < .001)

Odds ratios (leakage vs TL-30):

• PL-30: OR 437 at both 20 and 30 cm H₂O (p = .003)
• PL-60: OR 437 at 20 cm H₂O and 133 at 30 cm H₂O (p = .003)

Recommendation: Prefer TL-30 when possible. If partial needed, PL-60 superior to PL-30, but all partials leaked at physiologic pressures.

🔍 Key Findings

• Modified percutaneous cystolithotomy (PCCLm) resulted in significantly shorter skin incisions and hospitalization duration compared with open cystotomy (OC) (p=.002 and p=.031, respectively).
• PCCLm cats had fewer immediate postoperative lower urinary tract signs and were more often asymptomatic postoperatively than OC cats (p=.046 and p=.006).
• Rates of incomplete urolith removal were similar between PCCLm and OC, indicating no clear advantage in stone clearance for either technique.
• No PCCLm procedures required conversion to open surgery, demonstrating technical feasibility in cats.
• Clinical urolith recurrence rates were low and similar between PCCLm (10.5%) and OC (8.6%).
• In PCCLm, incomplete stone removal was associated with longer anesthesia time, longer hospitalization, larger incision length, and postoperative LUTS.
• In OC, incomplete stone removal was associated with longer surgery time and obstructed/distended bladders at presentation.
• PCCLm is an acceptable minimally invasive alternative to OC, although it did not reduce surgical site infection rates or incomplete stone removal.

🔍 Key Findings

• Portal pressure increased proportionally with insufflation pressure: 38% at 6 mmHg, 95% at 10 mmHg, and 175% at 14 mmHg.
• Exponential model: average increase of 7.45% per mmHg of insufflation pressure (CI: 4.7–10.2%).
• No systemic hemodynamic adverse effects were observed; MAP remained >60 mmHg throughout.
• Portal hypertension threshold (15 mmHg) predicted at ~6.4 mmHg insufflation pressure.
• No statistical impact from patient weight, pressure-to-weight ratio, or order of insufflation rounds.
• Measurement technique was feasible and safe, with only minor challenges (e.g., catheter kinking).
• The study supports use of the lowest insufflation pressure needed for visualization to avoid portal hypertension.
• Baseline portal pressures returned after desufflation, supporting comparison pre- and post-attenuation.

🔍 Key Findings

• Adding Locking Head Inserts (LHI) to a 3.5-mm LCP had no effect on plate strain, stiffness, or deformation in an open fracture gap model.
• Peak strain consistently occurred at the Combi-hole over the fracture gap, with values up to ~1837 µε.
• No significant difference in strain was found across configurations with 0, 3, or 9 LHI (p = 0.847).
• Construct stiffness and compressive displacement also remained unchanged regardless of LHI count (p = 0.311 and 0.069 respectively).
• Study contradicted the hypothesis that LHI would reduce strain and increase stiffness under biologic loading.
• Combi-hole design may limit the efficacy of LHI, as LHI only fill the locking portion, not the compression side where strain peaks.
• Implant fatigue risk remains highest over unfilled screw holes, especially over fracture sites—confirming previous failure patterns.
• Surgeons should consider alternative methods to reduce strain when facing high implant load scenarios.

🔍 Key Findings:

• Sample: 24 canine cadavers, 477 total pins across 240 vertebrae.
• Technique Comparison: 3D printed guides (3DPG) vs freehand (FH).
• Acceptable Placement Rates: 3DPG = 87.5%, FH = 69.8% (p < .0001).
• Odds Ratio for FH: 0.28 (95% CI 0.16–0.47), significantly less likely to yield acceptable placement.
• Worst Accuracy Locations: T10 (OR 0.10), T11 (OR 0.35).
• Surgeon Impact: Surgeon 2 outperformed others (OR 9.61, p = .001).
• Modified Zdichavsky Classification used to score implant accuracy (Grades I–IIIb).
• Primary Benefit of 3DPG: Increased safety and precision, regardless of surgeon experience.

🔍 Key Findings

• Raised eyelets caused more suture mid-section failures than embedded eyelets, suggesting wear or cutting against the anchor.
• No significant effect of cyclic loading on failure load (Fmax) was found for any anchor group.
• Anika anchor showed the least reduction in suture strength relative to the reference (eyebolt screw), indicating a favorable design.
• All sutures failed via suture breakage, not anchor pullout, indicating suture fatigue was the primary failure mode.
• Sutures in raised eyelets more often failed at the mid-section, while those in embedded eyelets failed at the knot.
• IMEX and Jorvet anchors showed significantly reduced Fmax compared to eyebolt screws.
• Loading direction and anchor design likely affect wear and ultimate failure, particularly in dynamic in vivo conditions.
• Future designs should aim for embedded, smooth eyelets that can accommodate larger suture sizes without increasing wear.

🔍 Key Findings

• Raised eyelets caused more suture mid-section failures than embedded eyelets, suggesting wear or cutting against the anchor.
• No significant effect of cyclic loading on failure load (Fmax) was found for any anchor group.
• Anika anchor showed the least reduction in suture strength relative to the reference (eyebolt screw), indicating a favorable design.
• All sutures failed via suture breakage, not anchor pullout, indicating suture fatigue was the primary failure mode.
• Sutures in raised eyelets more often failed at the mid-section, while those in embedded eyelets failed at the knot.
• IMEX and Jorvet anchors showed significantly reduced Fmax compared to eyebolt screws.
• Loading direction and anchor design likely affect wear and ultimate failure, particularly in dynamic in vivo conditions.
• Future designs should aim for embedded, smooth eyelets that can accommodate larger suture sizes without increasing wear.