🔍 Key Findings

• Precontoured plates using 3D-printed femoral models achieved near-anatomic alignment in all cadaver limbs.
• Fracture reduction system (FRS) required significantly fewer fluoroscopy images than intramedullary pin (IMP) methods (7 vs 26, P = .001).
• Despite longer surgical time (43 vs 29 minutes, P = .011), FRS showed equally accurate or better alignment compared to IMP.
• Femoral length, frontal, sagittal, and axial alignment were all within near-anatomic thresholds (<10 mm or <5° deviation) in both groups.
• FRS was associated with more consistent length maintenance, with IMP showing a median shortening of 2.3 mm (P = .03).
• Axial plane deviation was statistically different in the FRS group (P = .04), but still clinically acceptable.
• Study highlights potential for custom 3D-printed guides to reduce radiation exposure and improve precision in MIPO procedures.
• Authors caution that FRS was time-consuming and cumbersome, suggesting design refinements needed for clinical use.

🔍 Key Findings

• Study Design: Canine cadaveric study comparing intercostal thoracotomy (ICT), median sternotomy (MS), and transdiaphragmatic with caudal median sternotomy (TDCM) for accessory lung lobectomy (ALL).
• Main Outcomes:
  • Exposure Area: TDCM (193.5 cm²) > MS (106.5 cm²) > ICT (73.5 cm²) (p = .01).
  • TDCM provided significantly greater exposure than MS (p = .02) and ICT (p = .02); MS > ICT (p = .04).
  • Surgical Time: No significant difference (p = .06).
  • Lobe Excision (% by weight/surface area): No significant difference between groups (p = .4).
  • Staple Line Leak: Leak at ≤40 cmH₂O in 2/4 ICT, 0/4 MS, 0/4 TDCM (p = .09).
• Complications:
  • 1/4 MS cases had iatrogenic damage to an adjacent lobe.
• Technical Insights:
  • TDCM approach allowed immediate visualization of all three parts of the right pulmonary ligament.
  • The TDCM approach offers improved access without requiring en bloc removal with the right caudal lobe.
• Conclusion: The TDCM approach provides improved exposure for ALL lobectomy with no increase in surgical time or complications relative to other approaches.

🔍 Key Findings

• Postoperative complications occurred in 20% of stifles, including 7.5% minor, 10.3% surgical, and 3.4% medical complications.
• The PROSPECT machine-learning model achieved high predictive accuracy: 92.3% for surgical complications, 91.9% for minor, and 94.3% for medical.
• Top predictive features included surgical technique, implant type, patient age, and surgeon identity.
• Surgeon-specific variables influenced predictions, indicating operator experience and technique matter.
• Engineered interaction features (e.g., breed × implant) were more predictive than raw clinical data alone.
• Rottweiler, intact male status, and higher bodyweight were associated with increased complication risk; Labradors had decreased risk.
• Model calibration was strong, especially for high and low probability predictions; midrange predictions were less reliable.
• The model supports individualized, probabilistic risk assessment, which could inform client counseling and tailored postoperative care.

PROSPECT = Predicting Risk Of Surgical compli­cations aftEr CCWO and TPLO

🔍 Key Findings

• Lateral humeral condylar fractures (LHCF) were most common, comprising 63.6% of cases.
• Transcondylar screw (TCS) + K-wire(s) fixation had a 7.62x higher risk of major complications compared to other methods (p = .009).
• All cases of TCS migration occurred in the TCS + K-wire group; none occurred with plate fixation.
• Overall complication rate was 40.9%, with 29.5% being major and requiring intervention.
• Contralateral humeral intracondylar fissures (HIF) were found in 58.1% of French Bulldogs with CT data.
• No significant association between age and presence of HIF, but fissure length increased with age (R = 0.47, p = .048).
• Younger, lighter dogs had higher complication and screw migration rates, possibly due to softer bone and smaller condyles.
• TCS + plate fixation had the lowest complication rate, suggesting biomechanical superiority.

🔍 Key Findings Summary

• 47 dogs (57 elbows) underwent TCS placement for HIF
• Overall complication rate = 17.5%
  • Minor: seromas (7 elbows)
  • Major: septic arthritis (3 elbows) — all resolved with antibiotics
• No screw failures, medial epicondylar fractures, or catastrophic outcomes noted
• Long-term follow-up in 41 dogs (50 elbows):
  • 90% full function, 10% acceptable function
  • Mean follow-up = ~2.5 years
• Increased age was significantly protective (p = 0.0051; OR = 0.61)
• TCS placement method (freehand, guide, aiming device) significantly impacted screw angulation but not complication rate
• Outcome not affected by presence of complications

🔍 Key Findings

• Surgically managed TTAF resulted in excellent clinical outcomes at skeletal maturity, with all dogs having normal limb function and no stifle instability.
• Surgical treatment significantly altered proximal tibial morphology, including decreased tibial plateau angle (TPA) and increased patellar position (PP) compared with the contralateral limb.
• Axial tibial tuberosity position (TTP-A) increased and transverse position (TTP-T) decreased in surgically treated stifles, indicating distal and caudal tuberosity migration.
• Non-surgically managed TTAF did not significantly alter tibial morphology or PP, but outcomes were more variable.
• Medial patellar luxation developed in 2/6 non-surgically treated dogs, whereas none occurred in surgically managed cases.
• Pins-only and pin–tension band constructs produced similar radiographic changes and outcomes.
• Despite morphologic changes, no dogs developed cruciate ligament instability at follow-up.
• Non-surgical management yielded good to excellent owner-reported outcomes, but carried a potential increased risk of patellar luxation.

🔍 Key Findings

• Partial cuneiformectomy (PC) did not increase complication rates compared to multilevel surgery alone (overall complications: PC = 16.3%, non-PC = 19.4%; p = .758).
• Major complication rates were not significantly different (PC = 11.6%, non-PC = 7.4%; p = .482).
• Significant improvement in BOAS grade was observed in dogs undergoing PC (p < .0001).
• BOAS index improved significantly in both groups, with greater median reduction in the PC group (28.5%) than non-PC (20.7%) (p < .0001).
• Low body condition score (BCS <4) was significantly associated with higher complication rates (odds ratio = 0.452; p = .004).
• Hospitalization duration did not differ between groups (median = 1 day; p = .743).
• Mortality was low (3.5%) in the PC group despite more severe airway disease, suggesting the technique is safe even in advanced collapse.
• The technique widened the rima glottidis without damaging surrounding structures, reducing airflow resistance and preserving laryngeal function.

🔍 Key Findings

• 3D-printed patient-specific guides (PSGs) significantly improved accuracy of drill hole entry (p < 0.001) and exit (p = 0.044) compared to commercial aiming devices (AD).
• Zero joint penetrations occurred with PSGs, whereas 3 of 7 AD-guided screws were predicted to penetrate the joint (p = 0.19).
• Variance in exit point and drill angle was significantly lower in PSG group, suggesting more consistent results.
• One PSG case failed due to improper guide seating, but this was corrected with improved soft tissue clearance.
• PSGs enabled safer trajectories despite use by novice surgeons, emphasizing their value in less experienced hands.
• Drill holes placed with ADs deviated more cranially and distally, increasing the risk of articular violation.
• Use of PSGs allowed for tighter clustering of drill trajectories, especially in the cranial–caudal axis.
• Subjective feedback favored PSGs for ease of use and ergonomic design, despite requiring slightly larger incisions.

🔍 Key Findings

• Fewer R1 margins (tumor on ink) were achieved in mast cell tumors (MCTs) when using 6–10 mm lateral margins versus 0–5 mm (7% vs. 55%; _P_ = .049).
• For soft tissue sarcomas (STSs), no benefit was seen in margin completeness between 0–5 mm vs. 6–10 mm lateral margins (41% vs. 43% R1).
• Overall R1 rates were 26% for MCTs and 42% for STSs following PNE.
• R scheme (“tumor on ink” = R1) had better interobserver agreement (83%) compared to ≤1 mm margin criteria (68% agreement).
• Complication rate was moderate (26%), but no surgeries required revision.
• Local recurrence/metastasis occurred in 14% of dogs, with 60% of those having R1 margins.
• Adjunctive therapy was considered clinically indicated in 46% of 0–5 mm margin cases vs. 24% of 6–10 mm cases.
• Histologic grade and tumor size were not predictive of margin completeness.

🔍 Key Findings

• Portal pressure increased proportionally with insufflation pressure: 38% at 6 mmHg, 95% at 10 mmHg, and 175% at 14 mmHg.
• Exponential model: average increase of 7.45% per mmHg of insufflation pressure (CI: 4.7–10.2%).
• No systemic hemodynamic adverse effects were observed; MAP remained >60 mmHg throughout.
• Portal hypertension threshold (15 mmHg) predicted at ~6.4 mmHg insufflation pressure.
• No statistical impact from patient weight, pressure-to-weight ratio, or order of insufflation rounds.
• Measurement technique was feasible and safe, with only minor challenges (e.g., catheter kinking).
• The study supports use of the lowest insufflation pressure needed for visualization to avoid portal hypertension.
• Baseline portal pressures returned after desufflation, supporting comparison pre- and post-attenuation.