🔍 Key Findings

Population: 2,178 canine CTs reviewed retrospectively.
Prevalence: Incidental PBBs found in 1.37% (30/2178).
Outcome: None of the dogs with incidental PBBs developed clinical spontaneous pneumothorax (SP) over a median follow-up of 1255 days.
Significant Associations:

• Age: Dogs with PBBs were significantly older (median 10.5 yrs vs. 8.2 yrs, p = .001).
• CT indication: PBBs more likely during neoplastic staging (p = .006).

PBB Characteristics:

• Total = 60 PBBs (median 1/dog; range 1–7).
• Location: 35% in left caudal, 31.6% right caudal, only 13.3% in right cranial lobe.
• Size-based: 25 bullae (>10 mm), 35 blebs (≤10 mm).

Conclusion: Prophylactic resection of incidental PBBs not justified given no observed SP risk in this population.

🔍 Key Findings

• Distal femoral shortening osteotomy (DFSO) enabled prosthesis reduction in all 4 dogs with irreducible luxoid hips undergoing total hip replacement.
• Median femoral shortening ratio was 13.8% (range: 10.7–15.3%) based on intraoperative tension needed for prosthesis reduction.
• Bone union was achieved in all cases post-DFSO, indicating good healing potential.
• Two major complications occurred: one prosthetic luxation and one aseptic stem loosening requiring explantation.
• One intraoperative fracture of the greater trochanter occurred during trial reduction before DFSO.
• DFSO did not result in neurovascular injury, even in cases with significant femoral head displacement (>4 cm).
• Radiographic planning with FHD index and intraoperative assessment were crucial for determining DFSO necessity.
• DFSO avoids complications linked to subtrochanteric osteotomy by preserving proximal femoral anatomy and allowing secure distal fixation.

🔍 Key Findings

• NAS-ILN had significantly greater stiffness in both axial compression and 4-point bending compared to LCP constructs.
• Ultimate load to failure was significantly higher for NAS-ILN in compression (804 N vs 328 N) and bending (25.7 Nm vs 16.3 Nm).
• Torsional stiffness and angular deformation were similar, but NAS-ILN resisted higher torque to failure than LCP (22.5 Nm vs 19.1 Nm).
• No slack was observed with the NAS-ILN construct, unlike older nail designs.
• Failure modes differed: LCPs failed via plate bending; NAS-ILNs failed at the implant or bone near screw holes.
• Titanium alloy and curved design of NAS-ILN provides better anatomic fit and more uniform stress distribution.
• A third, perpendicular locking hole in NAS-ILN may enhance torsional stability but was not utilized in this study.
• The curved, angle-stable design of NAS-ILN is a novel advancement in veterinary orthopedics.

🔍 Key Findings

• Prestretching (PS) at 10 mmHg for 3 minutes significantly increased working space at 6 mmHg IAP — IWL +4.4%, IWS +6.9%.
• PS provided ≈63% of the IWL and ≈66% of the IWS gains achieved with sustained 10 mmHg IAP.
• All laparoscopic procedures were completed at 6 mmHg after PS; no conversions or pressure increases were needed.
• Working space benefits persisted throughout surgery — end-of-procedure measurements were unchanged from post-PS baseline.
• Transverse expansion (RLAT/LLAT) was greater than sagittal (CRA/CAU), consistent with adult abdominal wall compliance.
• No adverse anesthetic events occurred; mild complications (e.g., gas leakage) were easily managed.
• Large breed dogs were overrepresented, but all dogs served as their own controls, normalizing size effects.
• Prestretching is a simple, effective technique to maximize working space without increasing insufflation pressure.

🔍 Key Findings

• Customized 3D printed cannulas (3DPCs) significantly reduced surgical time in feline cadaver models (125.6 vs. 95.2 min, p = 0.03).
• Use of 3DPCs resulted in a reduction in instrument collisions (6.8 vs. 2.6, p = 0.03).
• Cannula pullout complications decreased with 3DPCs (10 vs. 2.2 per procedure, p = 0.03).
• 3DPCs were designed at shorter lengths (3 cm), improving intra-abdominal working space in cats.
• No incisional or postoperative complications occurred in the two live feline cases.
• One 3DPC insufflation port broke intraoperatively; resolved by using a male luer lock connector in the next case.
• CO₂ leakage occurred from re-used silicone valves in 2 ports; emphasizing the need for durable valve design.
• Estimated cost per 3DPC was <$5.00, suggesting cost-effective customization for feline laparoscopy.

🔍 Key Findings

• Short working length constructs had significantly higher stiffness and lower strain than long constructs in compression bending (p = 0.0172).
• In tension bending, short constructs also had higher precontact stiffness and lower strain, but this reversed after transcortical contact (~150 N).
• Transcortical contact increased stiffness only in long constructs, producing a bilinear load-displacement curve.
• Postcontact stiffness was higher in long constructs, but this may not reflect clinical benefit due to risks of high interfragmentary strain.
• Short working length reduced strain at multiple ROIs under both loading conditions, including over fracture gap (Tables 1–3).
• Increased working length promoted stress concentration and deformation, especially in compression bending.
• In vitro benefits of long constructs (via contact stability) may not translate to healing, as repetitive loading could increase plate strain and bone resorption.
• Plate strain was effectively mapped using 3D digital image correlation, confirming regional strain differences between configurations.

🔍 Key Findings

• Needle arthroscopy (NA) had 95% sensitivity and 100% specificity for detecting medial meniscal tears using standard arthroscopy (SA) as the reference.
• NA correctly identified meniscal status in 25/26 dogs, missing only one stable nondisplaced tear.
• NA took less time than SA: 8 ± 3 min vs. 15 ± 9 min (P = .0041).
• Visibility scores were significantly lower with NA than SA for all meniscal horns (medial and lateral) .
• Probing difficulty was greater with NA, especially for the lateral meniscus (P = .0017).
• NA caused no measurable morbidity: lameness scores were unchanged before and after the procedure (P = .25).
• NA was possible in sedated dogs, though 10/26 required additional anesthesia due to delays.
• NA missed 1 lateral tear, likely due to reduced access and lack of shaving compared to SA.

🔍 Key Findings

• Cats with linear (LFBO) and discrete (DFBO) small intestinal obstructions had similar survival (98.2% vs. 97%, p = 1.0).
• Postoperative complications were not significantly different between LFBO and DFBO cases (p = .1386).
• Intestinal dehiscence was rare (only 2 cats), both in DFBOs, with no statistical difference between groups.
• Red rubber catheter technique (RRCT) successfully removed LFBOs in 83% (20/24) of attempts.
• All failed RRCTs occurred in cats with perforations or tissue nonviability.
• Cats with failed RRCTs had longer clinical signs pre-surgery (median 6.5 vs. 2.0 days).
• Surgical time was longer in LFBO cats (median 77 min vs. 58 min, p = .0018).
• Preoperative septic peritonitis was rare (4/169 cats), but occurred only in linear or mixed FBO cases.

🔍 Key Findings

• TPLO mRUST scoring showed improved inter-rater reliability (ICC = 0.56) compared to subjective evaluation (Kappa = 0.33).
• Intra-rater reliability was similar for both methods (TPLO mRUST: 0.73, subjective: 0.72).
• TPLO mRUST scores ≥10/12 strongly correlated with radiographic union, as subjectively assessed (99% agreement).
• No significant difference in healing between first and second TPLO sides (P = .09), countering assumptions about load-bearing impact.
• Higher initial lameness scores and younger age were associated with higher TPLO mRUST scores, suggesting more robust healing in those groups.
• Postoperative complications were linked to lower TPLO mRUST scores, indicating impaired healing.
• Medial cortex was excluded from scoring due to plate obstruction, validating use of only 3 cortices for scoring.
• The TPLO mRUST system may standardize healing assessment, reducing subjective bias across specialties.

🔍 Key Findings

• Fluoroscopy-guided osteotomy placement achieved a median postoperative TPA of 3° (range: 0–4.5°), showing excellent accuracy.
• The D1 measurement (from patellar ligament insertion to osteotomy exit) was more reproducible and accurate intraoperatively than D2.
• Median R1 value (D1-based) matched the intended 21 mm radius with only 0.5 mm deviation, while R2 deviated by 2.5 mm.
• Real-time fluoroscopy allowed dynamic limb positioning and reduced osteotomy placement variability.
• Intraoperative fluoroscopy reduced reliance on preoperative planning, especially in cases with difficult anatomy or positioning.
• Radiation exposure was minimal (avg. 3 images per case) and within safe limits using standard protection protocols.
• Study standardized to 21 mm blades and excluded dogs with developmental orthopedic conditions to reduce confounders.
• Targeting a lower postoperative TPA (3°) may reduce meniscal load and cranio-caudal instability, though long-term outcomes require further study.