🔍 Key Findings

• 3D CT volume rendering and CAL measurement successfully guided correction of femoral and tibial torsion in dogs with patellar luxation (PL).
• Physiological patellar tracking was restored in 100% (22/22) of cases after detorsional osteotomy.
• 94% of dogs (17/18) had either full or acceptable functional outcomes post-surgery.
• CAL-based correction was accurate in 19/22 cases, confirming reliability of the measurement technique.
• Complication rate was 45%, with major complications in 2/22 cases—both involved combined femoral and tibial osteotomies.
• Combined femoral and tibial osteotomies in the same limb were linked to a higher risk of complications and poorer outcomes.
• Diaphyseal osteotomies offered more implant space, but metaphyseal locations were associated with faster bone healing.
• Use of a TPLO jig or goniometer was not essential—CAL-based bone marking was sufficient in most cases.

🔍 Key Findings

Objective: Determine if topical 45 mg/mL amikacin in CMC gel leads to systemic absorption in dogs with wounds.

Dogs enrolled: 11 client-owned dogs, with 31 applications of the gel.

Serum findings:

• Only 5 of 153 samples were above the 2.5 µg/mL quantification limit
• All values remained <5 µg/mL, the presumed toxicity threshold
• No correlation was found between dose-related parameters (mg, mg/kg, mg/cm²) and serum amikacin levels

Peak concentrations were observed at ~2 hours post-application, declining rapidly thereafter

No nephrotoxicity observed, and most values were below detection

Conclusion: Topical amikacin gel appears safe at doses up to 24.9 mg/kg, with minimal systemic absorption

🔍 Key Findings Summary

• Population: 754 soft tissue or orthopedic procedures in dogs and cats
• SSI Rate: 62/754 (8.2%)
• Algorithms Evaluated:
  • Algorithm 1: Highest sensitivity (87.1%) → best for "rule-out"
  • Algorithm 2: Highest specificity (97.9%) → best for "rule-in"
  • Algorithm 3: Highest overall accuracy (95.5%)
• Active vs. Passive Surveillance:
  • Active surveillance detected 12 additional SSIs (19.4%) missed by passive
  • Active surveillance increased detection rate by 24%
• Timing: Most SSIs occurred within 30 days; late infections (after 90 days) were rare and implant-related
• Conclusion: Client questionnaires are a valid and scalable tool for SSI detection; active surveillance improves outcomes

🔍 Key Findings

• Buccal transposition flap provided successful closure of large maxillary lip defects in all 5 dogs
• All flaps survived, with 3 dogs experiencing minor complications (e.g., fistulas, dehiscence) that resolved
• Flap vascularization originated from the angularis oris and superior labial arteries, as confirmed via CT angiography
• Excellent cosmetic and functional outcomes were achieved in all cases
• Ex vivo cadaver study validated flap perfusion, showing consistent contrast filling of key arteries
• Oronasal fistulas occurred in 2 dogs at the palatal incision site, likely due to contact with the mandibular canine tooth
• Mandibular canine coronectomy was performed in 2/5 dogs to prevent flap trauma
• Flap design and commissure positioning were customizable, aiding tension relief and improving outcomes

🔍 Key Findings

• 2.4 mm LCP with a 1.6 mm IM pin had the highest axial stiffness and yield strength among the tested constructs.
• Axial stiffness was significantly higher in the 2.4 mm LCP + 1.6 mm IM pin group compared to 2.7 mm LCP alone (p = .013).
• No significant difference in torsional stiffness was found among groups.
• 2.4 mm LCP + 1.0 mm pin had the lowest stiffness and failure load, underperforming both other constructs.
• All constructs failed via valgus bending, consistent with clinical observations in feline tibial fractures.
• A 1.6 mm pin (~50% canal fill) resulted in superior construct performance vs. 1.0 mm (~30% fill).
• Group 2 (2.4 LCP + 1.6 mm pin) outperformed the 2.7 mm LCP alone in stiffness, despite using a smaller plate.
• Plate–rod constructs may better preserve periosteal blood supply and support minimally invasive stabilization strategies.

🔍 Key Findings

• Intraoral approach (IOA) reduced surgical time compared to lateral orbitotomy (median: 42.0 vs 65.7 minutes, p = .005)
• Ease of closure (Stage III) was better with IOA (p < .001), though gland removal (Stage II) was easier with LOA (p = .039)
• Complete gland removal was achieved in 8/10 IOA vs 10/10 LOA cases in cadaveric study
• All 3 clinical cases had uneventful recoveries post-IOA, including one carcinoma, with no intra- or short-term postoperative complications
• LOA had superior surgical exposure, but was more invasive and time-consuming
• IOA posed greater difficulty in complete gland removal in brachycephalic dogs, with remnant tissue noted in 2/10 cadavers
• IOA avoids osteotomy, reducing potential complications like delayed union and postoperative pain
• Cosmetic outcomes and healing were better with IOA, and no E-collar was required postoperatively

🔍 Key Findings

• Prophylactic fenestration (PF) significantly reduced recurrence of cervical intervertebral disc extrusion (0% vs. 37.8%, p < .001).
• Surgery time was longer with PF (median 182 vs. 110 min, p = .017), but no difference in perioperative complication rates (PF 16.7%, non-PF 18.9%; p = .838).
• 25% overall recurrence rate, but all recurrences occurred in the non-PF group.
• Medical management was effective in 92.9% of recurrence cases.
• Most PF sites targeted adjacent discs; 88.9% were at adjacent levels, which are common recurrence sites.
• Neurologic outcomes were similar between PF and non-PF dogs post-surgery and at follow-up.
• Fenestration technique (blade vs. burr) not shown to affect outcome but contributed to extended surgical time.
• No major complications or deaths linked directly to PF in initial surgeries.

🔍 Key Findings

• Combined CBLO-TTT did not reduce load to failure compared to CBLO or TTT alone (P = .81 and P = .12, respectively).
• CBLO-TTT maintains construct strength without significant compromise compared to individual procedures.
• Most common failure mode in CBLO-TTT was displacement of the tibial crest segment with k-wire pullout and tension band untwisting.
• No fulcrum effect was seen in CBLO-TTT, unlike TPLO-TTT combinations, likely due to preservation of buttress effect.
• Patellar ligament avulsion occurred in both CBLO and CBLO-TTT, but not as a clinical concern — possibly artifact from cadaver model.
• Load-to-failure testing was static and unidirectional, not accounting for cyclic fatigue or in vivo healing.
• Plate size and saw blade variation were based on clinical realism, introducing potential variability but not affecting outcomes.
• Study suggests feasibility of simultaneous surgical correction of CCL rupture and MPL using CBLO-TTT in dogs.

🔍 Key Findings

• Heated CO₂ insufflation reduced perioperative hypothermia during laparoscopic ovariectomy compared to nonheated CO₂.
• Final body temperature was significantly higher in the heated group (36.03°C) than in the nonheated group (34.93°C).
• Temperature reduction correlated with surgical duration only in the nonheated group (p < .05).
• Heated CO₂ delayed temperature drop, occurring after 20 minutes vs. 5 minutes in nonheated cases.
• No significant differences between groups in anesthetic, surgical, or insufflation times.
• All dogs recovered uneventfully and were discharged the same day.
• Heated CO₂ may offer greater benefit in longer procedures or in small-sized dogs prone to hypothermia.
• No adverse effects were attributed to heated gas use in this clinical trial.

🔍 Key Findings Summary

• Population: 35 nonbrachycephalic dogs undergoing orthopedic procedures (TPLO)
• Study design: Prospective observational using transnasal Digitrapper dual-sensor pH probe after short TIVA
• Upper reference limits:
  • Distal GER events per hour: 2.4
  • Proximal GER events per hour: 0.4
  • Cumulative distal acid exposure: 2.3%
  • Cumulative proximal acid exposure: 0%
• Median values (normal):
  • Distal GER events per hour: 0.3
  • Proximal GER events per hour: 0
• Proximal GER observed in 12/31 dogs
• No regurgitation observed in any dog
• No major adverse events with probe use
• Clinical implication: These parameters provide a reference for assessing excessive GER in future canine surgical cases