Calabria et al: Surgical impact of laparoscopic and laparotomic elective ovariectomy on inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers in anestrus dogs
Veterinary Surgery 5, 2026

🔍 Key Findings

Laparoscopic ovariectomy produced a milder inflammatory response than open ovariectomy, supporting the benefits of minimally invasive surgery.
Twenty-six healthy anestrus bitches were randomized equally to laparoscopic (LAP) or open (OPEN) ovariectomy in a prospective, blinded clinical trial.
IL-6 increased rapidly after laparoscopy but returned to baseline by 7 days, whereas OPEN surgery produced a later, more prolonged elevation.
Reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs) remained higher after OPEN surgery, while LAP caused only a transient postoperative increase.
Biological antioxidant potential (BAP) increased only in the OPEN group by postoperative day 7, suggesting a compensatory response to greater oxidative stress.
PON-1 decreased after surgery in both groups, remaining lower in LAP through day 7, indicating that its interpretation as an inflammatory marker remains complex.
LAP required longer operative time (35 vs 25 minutes; p = .008) but resulted in significantly smaller total incision length (1.5 vs 2.5 cm; p < .001).
No intraoperative or postoperative surgical or anesthetic complications occurred in either treatment group.

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Calabria et al: Surgical impact of laparoscopic and laparotomic elective ovariectomy on inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers in anestrus dogs
Veterinary Surgery 5, 2026

🔍 Key Findings

Laparoscopic ovariectomy produced a milder inflammatory response than open ovariectomy, supporting the benefits of minimally invasive surgery.
Twenty-six healthy anestrus bitches were randomized equally to laparoscopic (LAP) or open (OPEN) ovariectomy in a prospective, blinded clinical trial.
IL-6 increased rapidly after laparoscopy but returned to baseline by 7 days, whereas OPEN surgery produced a later, more prolonged elevation.
Reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs) remained higher after OPEN surgery, while LAP caused only a transient postoperative increase.
Biological antioxidant potential (BAP) increased only in the OPEN group by postoperative day 7, suggesting a compensatory response to greater oxidative stress.
PON-1 decreased after surgery in both groups, remaining lower in LAP through day 7, indicating that its interpretation as an inflammatory marker remains complex.
LAP required longer operative time (35 vs 25 minutes; p = .008) but resulted in significantly smaller total incision length (1.5 vs 2.5 cm; p < .001).
No intraoperative or postoperative surgical or anesthetic complications occurred in either treatment group.

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Multiple Choice Questions on this study

In Calabria 2026 et al., on ovariectomy biomarkers, which oxidative stress biomarker demonstrated persistently higher concentrations following OPEN ovariectomy than laparoscopic ovariectomy?

A. Biological antioxidant potential (BAP)

B. Reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs)

C. Paraoxonase-1 (PON-1)

D. Interleukin-6

E. Serum progesterone

Answer: Reactive oxygen metabolites (d-ROMs)

Explanation: The OPEN group had higher d-ROM concentrations throughout the postoperative period, whereas LAP produced only a transient increase that returned to baseline by day 7.

In Calabria 2026 et al., on ovariectomy biomarkers, which perioperative finding best characterized laparoscopic ovariectomy compared with open ovariectomy?

A. Shorter operative time

B. Smaller incision length despite longer surgery

C. Greater oxidative stress response

D. Higher complication rate

E. Lower success rate

Answer: Smaller incision length despite longer surgery

Explanation: Laparoscopy required a longer median surgical time (35 vs 25 minutes) but resulted in significantly smaller incisions and reduced inflammatory and oxidative responses.

In Calabria 2026 et al., on ovariectomy biomarkers, which inflammatory biomarker showed an early postoperative peak after laparoscopic ovariectomy and returned to baseline by postoperative day 7?

A. IL-6

B. PON-1

C. d-ROMs

D. BAP

E. TNF-α

Answer: IL-6

Explanation: IL-6 increased transiently at 2 hours after laparoscopic ovariectomy, declined by 24 hours, and returned to baseline by day 7, whereas OPEN surgery resulted in a more prolonged elevation.

In Calabria 2026 et al., on ovariectomy biomarkers, what was the primary clinical conclusion of the study?

A. Open ovariectomy caused less inflammation than laparoscopy

B. Both techniques produced equivalent inflammatory and oxidative responses

C. Laparoscopic ovariectomy induced a milder and more transient inflammatory and oxidative stress response than open surgery

D. Inflammatory biomarkers were not useful for comparing techniques

E. Pneumoperitoneum produced excessive oxidative injury that outweighed the benefits of laparoscopy

Answer: Laparoscopic ovariectomy induced a milder and more transient inflammatory and oxidative stress response than open surgery

Explanation: The authors concluded that laparoscopic ovariectomy reduced surgical trauma, resulting in less persistent inflammation and oxidative stress than conventional open surgery.

In Calabria 2026 et al., on ovariectomy biomarkers, why did the investigators include only dogs confirmed to be in anestrus?

A. To reduce anesthetic risk

B. To eliminate variation caused by reproductive hormones

C. To decrease operative time

D. To improve visualization during laparoscopy

E. To increase postoperative inflammation

Answer: To eliminate variation caused by reproductive hormones

Explanation: Restricting enrollment to anestrus dogs minimized hormonal influences on inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers, improving comparison between surgical techniques.

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