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Perry et al: Outcomes of 243 dogs with traumatic fractures treated with the I-Loc interlocking nail
Veterinary Surgery 8, 2025

Outcomes of 243 dogs with traumatic fractures treated with the I-Loc interlocking nail

🔍 Key Findings

  • High union rate with low complications was achieved using the I-Loc angle-stable interlocking nail across 243 canine long-bone fractures.
  • Mean time to clinical union was 8.3 weeks, faster than many historical plate-rod or non-angle-stable nail reports.
  • Major complications occurred in only 5.3% and minor complications in 9.1% of cases.
  • Most fractures were diaphyseal (75%) and comminuted (62%), demonstrating effectiveness in complex fracture patterns.
  • Ancillary implants were uncommon (21%), mainly used in epi-/metaphyseal fractures or for anatomic reconstruction.
  • Postoperative missed bolt rate was very low (0.94%), reflecting improved targeting accuracy.
  • Open fractures carried a substantially higher risk of SSI and implant removal compared with closed fractures.
  • Prebending of tibial nails was strongly recommended to follow natural recurvatum and avoid iatrogenic alignment errors.

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← Articles

Perry et al: Outcomes of 243 dogs with traumatic fractures treated with the I-Loc interlocking nail
Veterinary Surgery 8, 2025

🔍 Key Findings

  • High union rate with low complications was achieved using the I-Loc angle-stable interlocking nail across 243 canine long-bone fractures.
  • Mean time to clinical union was 8.3 weeks, faster than many historical plate-rod or non-angle-stable nail reports.
  • Major complications occurred in only 5.3% and minor complications in 9.1% of cases.
  • Most fractures were diaphyseal (75%) and comminuted (62%), demonstrating effectiveness in complex fracture patterns.
  • Ancillary implants were uncommon (21%), mainly used in epi-/metaphyseal fractures or for anatomic reconstruction.
  • Postoperative missed bolt rate was very low (0.94%), reflecting improved targeting accuracy.
  • Open fractures carried a substantially higher risk of SSI and implant removal compared with closed fractures.
  • Prebending of tibial nails was strongly recommended to follow natural recurvatum and avoid iatrogenic alignment errors.

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Multiple Choice Questions on this study

In Perry 2025 et al., on I-Loc fracture fixation, which complication rate was observed?

A. Major 15%, minor 20%
B. Major 10%, minor 5%
C. Major 5.3%, minor 9.1%
D. Major 2%, minor 15%
E. Major 0%, minor 5%

Answer: Major 5.3%, minor 9.1%

Explanation: The reported complication rates were low, with major complications in 5.3% and minor in 9.1% of cases.
In Perry 2025 et al., on I-Loc fracture fixation, what was the reported mean time to clinical union?

A. 4.5 weeks
B. 6.1 weeks
C. 8.3 weeks
D. 12.7 weeks
E. 17 weeks

Answer: 8.3 weeks

Explanation: The study reported a mean time to clinical union of 8.3 weeks across 243 canine fractures.
In Perry 2025 et al., on I-Loc fracture fixation, which fracture characteristic was most common?

A. Simple metaphyseal fractures
B. Articular fractures only
C. Diaphyseal comminuted fractures
D. Pathologic fractures
E. Physeal fractures

Answer: Diaphyseal comminuted fractures

Explanation: The majority of fractures were diaphyseal (75%) and comminuted (62%).
In Perry 2025 et al., on I-Loc fracture fixation, what technical recommendation was emphasized for tibial fractures?

A. Avoid distal bolts
B. Use dynamic fixation only
C. Prebend the nail to follow recurvatum
D. Always add a plate
E. Limit to ORIF techniques

Answer: Prebend the nail to follow recurvatum

Explanation: Prebending tibial nails was recommended to maintain alignment and avoid increased tibial plateau angle.
In Perry 2025 et al., on I-Loc fracture fixation, which factor most increased the risk of surgical site infection and implant removal?

A. Use of ancillary implants
B. MINO technique
C. Closed fractures
D. Open fractures
E. Tibial location

Answer: Open fractures

Explanation: Most SSIs occurred in open fractures, with implant removal required in over 20% of open cases.

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