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Holman et al: Quantification of the Field of View for Standard Lateral Arthroscopy of the Canine Shoulder
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopedics and Traumatology 1, 2024

🔍 Key Findings

  • 48% of the intra-articular biceps tendon was visible at a standing angle; this increased to 63% in flexion (p = 0.0003).
  • 58% of the medial glenohumeral ligament's cranial border was within view.
  • 20% of the subscapularis tendon was visualized via the standard lateral arthroscopic approach.
  • Visibility was assessed using tattoo ink markers and confirmed via dissection in cadavers.
  • Limitations of standard lateral portals may lead to underdiagnosis of deeper or distal pathology in these structures.

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← Articles

Holman et al: Quantification of the Field of View for Standard Lateral Arthroscopy of the Canine Shoulder
Veterinary and Comparative Orthopedics and Traumatology 1, 2024

🔍 Key Findings

  • 48% of the intra-articular biceps tendon was visible at a standing angle; this increased to 63% in flexion (p = 0.0003).
  • 58% of the medial glenohumeral ligament's cranial border was within view.
  • 20% of the subscapularis tendon was visualized via the standard lateral arthroscopic approach.
  • Visibility was assessed using tattoo ink markers and confirmed via dissection in cadavers.
  • Limitations of standard lateral portals may lead to underdiagnosis of deeper or distal pathology in these structures.

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Multiple Choice Questions on this study

In Holman 2024 et al., on canine shoulder arthroscopy, what was the main method used to mark the limits of visualization?

A. Ink injection into soft tissue
B. Suture tagging of visible margins
C. Bone pin markers
D. Radio-opaque beads and fluoroscopy
E. Direct scalpel notching

Answer: Ink injection into soft tissue

Explanation: Tattoo ink was injected arthroscopically to mark the visual limits for later dissection.
In Holman 2024 et al., on canine shoulder arthroscopy, which tendon had the smallest proportion visible from the lateral portal?

A. Biceps tendon
B. Supraspinatus tendon
C. Subscapularis tendon
D. Infraspinatus tendon
E. Teres major tendon

Answer: Subscapularis tendon

Explanation: Only 20% of the subscapularis tendon was visible through the standard lateral portal.
In Holman 2024 et al., what was concluded about the standard lateral approach for shoulder arthroscopy in dogs?

A. Provides full visualization of stabilizers
B. Should be replaced by medial portals
C. Requires MRI confirmation for all pathologies
D. Visualizes less than 75% of key structures
E. Cannot detect any subscapularis pathology

Answer: Visualizes less than 75% of key structures

Explanation: Study concluded <75% of medial shoulder stabilizers were visible via lateral arthroscopy.
In Holman 2024 et al., on lateral arthroscopy of the canine shoulder, what percentage of the medial glenohumeral ligament’s cranial border was visible?

A. 32%
B. 48%
C. 58%
D. 63%
E. 72%

Answer: 58%

Explanation: 58% of the cranial arm of the medial glenohumeral ligament was within view during standard arthroscopy.
In Holman 2024 et al., on shoulder arthroscopy, what proportion of the biceps tendon was visible arthroscopically with the shoulder in flexion?

A. 32%
B. 48%
C. 58%
D. 63%
E. 77%

Answer: 63%

Explanation: Flexion increased visibility of the biceps tendon from 48% to 63% (p = 0.0003).

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