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Longo et al: Three‐dimensional volume rendering planning, surgical treatment, and clinical outcomes for femoral and tibial detorsional osteotomies in dogs
Veterinary Surgery 7, 2022

🔍 Key Findings

  • 3D CT volume rendering and CAL measurement successfully guided correction of femoral and tibial torsion in dogs with patellar luxation (PL).
  • Physiological patellar tracking was restored in 100% (22/22) of cases after detorsional osteotomy.
  • 94% of dogs (17/18) had either full or acceptable functional outcomes post-surgery.
  • CAL-based correction was accurate in 19/22 cases, confirming reliability of the measurement technique.
  • Complication rate was 45%, with major complications in 2/22 cases—both involved combined femoral and tibial osteotomies.
  • Combined femoral and tibial osteotomies in the same limb were linked to a higher risk of complications and poorer outcomes.
  • Diaphyseal osteotomies offered more implant space, but metaphyseal locations were associated with faster bone healing.
  • Use of a TPLO jig or goniometer was not essential—CAL-based bone marking was sufficient in most cases.

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← Articles

Longo et al: Three‐dimensional volume rendering planning, surgical treatment, and clinical outcomes for femoral and tibial detorsional osteotomies in dogs
Veterinary Surgery 7, 2022

🔍 Key Findings

  • 3D CT volume rendering and CAL measurement successfully guided correction of femoral and tibial torsion in dogs with patellar luxation (PL).
  • Physiological patellar tracking was restored in 100% (22/22) of cases after detorsional osteotomy.
  • 94% of dogs (17/18) had either full or acceptable functional outcomes post-surgery.
  • CAL-based correction was accurate in 19/22 cases, confirming reliability of the measurement technique.
  • Complication rate was 45%, with major complications in 2/22 cases—both involved combined femoral and tibial osteotomies.
  • Combined femoral and tibial osteotomies in the same limb were linked to a higher risk of complications and poorer outcomes.
  • Diaphyseal osteotomies offered more implant space, but metaphyseal locations were associated with faster bone healing.
  • Use of a TPLO jig or goniometer was not essential—CAL-based bone marking was sufficient in most cases.

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Multiple Choice Questions on this study

In Longo 2022 et al., on CT-guided osteotomies, what was associated with a significantly increased risk of postoperative complications?

A. Femoral detorsional osteotomy alone
B. Use of TPLO jig
C. Use of locking implants
D. Concurrent femoral and tibial osteotomies
E. Performing surgery in metaphyseal bone

Answer: Concurrent femoral and tibial osteotomies

Explanation: 80% of complications occurred in cases receiving both FDO and TDO in the same limb.
In Longo 2022 et al., on CT-guided osteotomies, what was the most common osteotomy location used in this study?

A. Femoral metaphysis
B. Tibial metaphysis
C. Femoral diaphysis
D. Tibial diaphysis
E. Proximal tibial epiphysis

Answer: Femoral diaphysis

Explanation: Femoral diaphyseal osteotomies were most commonly performed (10/22).
In Longo 2022 et al., on CT-guided osteotomies, what was the primary method used to intraoperatively determine the amount of rotational correction needed for torsional deformities?

A. Use of reference guidewires at a preset angle
B. Measuring angles with a goniometer
C. Matching alignment with TPLO jig pin positions
D. Measurement of cortical arch length (CAL) via CT
E. Visual alignment of pes and tibial tuberosity

Answer: Measurement of cortical arch length (CAL) via CT

Explanation: CAL was computed from CT-based radius and torsion angle to quantify how much to rotate the bone.
In Longo 2022 et al., on CT-guided osteotomies, what clinical outcome was observed in 94% of dogs after femoral and/or tibial detorsional osteotomy?

A. Full return to work
B. Improved frontal limb alignment
C. Normal radiographic bone healing
D. Full or acceptable function
E. No implant complications

Answer: Full or acceptable function

Explanation: 17 of 18 dogs had full or acceptable function at follow-up.
In Longo 2022 et al., on CT-guided osteotomies, what percentage of dogs had physiological patellar tracking restored following surgery?

A. 82%
B. 94%
C. 100%
D. 89%
E. 76%

Answer: 100%

Explanation: All 22/22 cases had restored physiological patellar tracking at follow-up.

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